Synthetic probe

Takahashi R, Sakuma A, Itoh K, et al Comparison of efficacy of lithium carbonate and chlorpromazine in mania report of collaborative study group on treatment of mania in Japan. Arch Gen Psychiatry 32 1310-1318, 1975 Takahashi Y, Kato K, Hayashizaki Y, et al Molecular cloning of the human cholecystokinin gene by use of a synthetic probe containing deoxyinosine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82 1931-1935, 1985... 

A major use of hybridization is to locate a gene or other DNA or RNA sequence by means of a synthetic probe. This is a small piece of DNA or RNA which is labeled in some way, e.g., with a radioisotope such as or Altemahvely, the probe may carry a... 

Scheme 17.3 Structurally modified sialic acids used as synthetic probes for the Leloir-path sialyltransfer enzymes, and toward the preparation of natural sialoconjugates and nonnatural neo-sialoconjugate. (a) Structural variations of NeuSAc. (b) KDN.

Ueda, M., Sawai, Y., Wada, Y. Yamamura, S. (2000b). Synthetic probe compounds for bioorganic studies of nyctinasty, based on the leaf-opening substance of Lespedeza cuneata G. Don. Tetrahedron, 56, 5123 5130. 

The inherent electrochemical activity of DNA is utilized in processes without reporter molecules. It is well known that the guanine base of DNA can be oxidized at moderate potentials. This property can be utilized if the molecules constituting the probe are not oxidizable themselves. For that purpose, oligonucleotides are synthesized which contain inosine instead of guanine base molecules. Inosine is practically inert at potentials where guanine is oxidized. If the target molecule combines with the synthetic probe during... 

Isoprostanes (IPs) are products of free radical induced peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and are used as markers of oxidative stress in inflammatory diseases such as Atherosclerosis and Alzheimer s. We are reporting the total synthesis of two major all-syn EPA derived IPs, 8,12-iso-iPp3a 18 and 5-epi-8,12-iso-iPp3a 17. These two synthetic probes will be used to discover and identify their presence in human urine. 

Synthesis of the first generation C-phosphonate glycosylphos-phatidylinositols (GPI) analogs (427) has been reported by Vishwakarma et al. The key step in this protocol involved coupling of a-pseudodi-saccharide (425) with phosphonic acids (426) in quantitative yield (Scheme 129). It has been also demonstrated that these synthetic probes (427) were resistant to hydrolysis by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) and showed moderate inhibition of the enzyme activity. 

Gautier, A. Johnsson, K. Kindermann, M. Juillerat, A. Beaufils, F. Labelling of fusion proteins with synthetic probes. PCT Int. Appl. WO 2008012296, 2008. 

Nonaka, H. Fujishima, S. Uchinomiya, S. Ojida, A. Hamachi, I. Selective covalent labeling of tag-fused GPCR proteins on live cell surface with a synthetic probe for their functional analysis. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010,132,9301-9309. 

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