Synthetic Interconversion of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

The classes of compounds which are conveniently considered together as derivatives of carboxylic acids include the carboxylic acid anhydrides, acid chlorides, esters, and amides. In the case of simple aliphatic and aromatic acids, synthetic transformations among these derivatives is usually a straightforward matter involving such fundamental reactions as ester saponification, formation of acid chlorides, and the reaction of amines with acid anhydrides or acid chlorides. When a multistep 

RCO2H + SOCI2 RCOCI + HCI + SO2 RCOCl + RiNH - RCONRi 

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SECTION 3.4. SYNTHETIC INTERCONVERSION OF CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES... 

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