Saponification of an ester

The enhanced rate expressions for regimes 3 and 4 have been presented (48) and can be appHed (49,50) when one phase consists of a pure reactant, for example in the saponification of an ester. However, it should be noted that in the more general case where component C in equation 19 is transferred from one inert solvent (A) to another (B), an enhancement of the mass-transfer coefficient in the B-rich phase has the effect of moving the controlling mass-transfer resistance to the A-rich phase, in accordance with equation 17. Resistance in both Hquid phases is taken into account in a detailed model (51) which is apphcable to the reversible reactions involved in metal extraction. This model, which can accommodate the case of interfacial reaction, has been successfully compared with rate data from the Hterature (51). 

Why is the saponification of an ester irreversible In other words, why doesn t treatment of a carboxylic acid with an alkoxide ion yield an ester ... 

Mechanism of the base-catalyzed hydrolysis (saponification) of an ester. 

Q A hydroxide ion nucleophile bonds to the carbon of the carbonyl group, exactly as the mechanism for the saponification of an ester begins. 

Problem-Solving Strategy Proposing Reaction Mechanisms 1007 Mechanism 21-8 Transesterification 1008 21-7 Hydrolysis of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 1009 Mechanism 21-9 Saponification of an Ester 1010 Mechanism 21-10 Basic Hydrolysis of an Amide 1012 Mechanism 21-11 Acidic Hydrolysis of an Amide 1012 Mechanism 21-12 Base-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of a Nitrile 1014 21-8 Reduction of Acid Derivatives 1014... 

Lipids that are easily hydrolyzed to simpler constituents, usually by saponification of an ester. 

Esterification Using Diazomethane 966 Conversion of an Acid Chloride to an Anhydride 1001 Conversion of an Acid Chloride to an Ester 1001 Conversion of an Acid Chloride to an Amide 1002 Conversion of an Acid Anhydride to an Ester 1002 Conversion of an Acid Anhydride to an Amide 1003 Conversion of an Ester to an Amide (Ammonolysis of an Ester) 1003 Transesterification 1008 Saponification of an Ester 1010 Basic Hydrolysis of an Amide 1012 Acidic Hydrolysis of an Amide 1012... 

Sandmeyer reaction, 24, 22 Saponification, of an ester, 26, 30 with sodium cyanide, 26, 54 of ethyl linoleate, 22, 78 of ethyl linolenate, 22, 84 of natural oils, 22, 75, 79, 82 of p-nitrobenzyl acetate, 24, 81 Screen, protective, 22, 97 Seal, rubber tube, for stirrer shaft, 21, to... 

Saponification of an ester is the last step in an elegant synthesis of highly branched trialkylacetic acids from acetoacetic ester. An a,a-dialkylacetoacetate is reduced to the /3-hydroxy ester, which, in turn, is dehydrated to a /3, y-olefinic ester. Catalytic hydrogenation followed by saponification then gives the desired product. ... 

Saponification of an ester with base is rapid and reliable. Lithinm, sodium, and potassium hydroxide can be used. 

Esterification of a carboxylic group as well as saponification of an ester function are known.2,315,316... 

Sandmeyer reaction, synthesis, of bromo compound, 36, 39, 45, 48, 52, 75, 217 of chloro compound, 48, 110, 113 of cyano compound, 90, 91, 216 of iodo compound, 182, 183, 184, 185 use of mercuric nitrate in, 52 Saponification of an ester, 113, 152 Schiemann reaction, 165, 167 Schotten-Baumann reaction, 145 Skraup reaction, 28, 85, 193, 204, 235 Sommelet reaction, 281 Sulfenyl chloride, formation from chlorine and disulfide, 214... 

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