Synthetic Hypoglycemic Agents

In 1942. p-aminobcnzenesulfonumidoisopropylthiiidii zole (an antibiiclerial sulfonamide) was found to produi C hypoglycemia. These results stimul.-ited research fur the dc vclopmcnt of synthetic hypoglycemic agents, several of which are in use today. 

Sulfonylureas became widely available in I9.S.S for the ireatincnl of nun-ketusis-prune mild diabetes and are still the drugs of choice. A second class of compounds, the bigui-nidcs. in the furm of a single drug, phenformin. ha.s bees used since 1957. Phenformin was withdrawn from the U. S. market, however, because it causes lactic acidosis, (rom which fataiities have been reported. 

In instances when the urine may be alkaline, an orange color may be detected. This is due to metabolic products of anisindionc and is not hematuria. 

The mechanism of action of the sulfonylureas is tosiinui-late the release of insulin from the functioning cells of Iht intact pancreas. In the absence of the pancreas, they toir no significant effect on blood glucose. The sulfonyluitti may have other actions, such as inhibition of secietion it glucagon and action at postreceptor intracellular sites to increase irasulin activity. 

Whether they are first- or second-generation oral hypogi - 

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Thyroid Hormone and Antithyroid Drugs, Pages 337-342 26.lnsulin and Synthetic Hypoglycemic Agents, Pages 343-348... 

The hypoglycemic agent repaglinide may loosely be classed as a peptid-omimetic agent, because it essentially shows the same activity as nateglinide. The actual synthetic route is difficult to decipher from the patent in which it... 

The synthetic oral hypoglycemic agents have been added to the therapeutie armamentarium over the last five decades in lieu of the various insulin variants discussed earlier. In this partieular section the focus shall be made on the different categories of synthetic oral hypoglycemic agents based on their chemical structures, namely ... 

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