Synthetic cohesive agents

Many synthetic compounds can be used as lubricants and cohesive agents. In the... 

Extensive studies in protein chemistry (13) and synthetic polymers (14) have established compositional factors responsible for molecular associations Involved in adhesion and cohesion phenomena of proteins and other polymers. Figure 3 summarizes types of functional groups in proteins participating in associative interactions and agents that disrupt the bonds they form. 

Granular soil with fibre reinforcement is a material composed of granular natural soil (i.e. sand) and thin continuous fibres distributed in the material volume with or without cement or any other binding agent. The synthetic (polyester, polypropylene or polyamide) fibres are very thin and their volume fraction is low starting from 0.1% or 0.3% also natural fibres may be used (e.g. sisal, coir). The fibres are distributed in a uniform and isotropic way (3D) or are parallel to a selected plane (2D). The main influence of the reinforcement is the cohesion of sand, which is enhanced with the fibre content, while the angle of the internal friction remains constant. 

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