Synthetic bioresorbable polymers polyesters

One of the major classes of synthetic bioresorbable polymers is that of aliphatic polyesters or poly(a-hydroxy acids). Poly(a-hydroxy acids) such as PGA, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) stereoisomers poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(D-lactic acid), and pol-y(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) copolymers are the most widely used and most popular bioresorbable polymers since they received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for clinical use in humans in different forms (eg, fibers for sutures, injectable forms) (Nair and Laurencin, 2007). These polymers are commonly used in regenerative medicine applications. An example is the InQu Bone Graft Extender Substitute (ISTO Technologies), an osteoconductive biosynthetic product used as bone graft substitute in the skeletal system to support new bone formation. The resorption rate of... 

The earliest synthetic bioresorbable polymers were based on linear aliphatic polyesters. More recently, many other classes of polymers have been explored to develop new resorbable systems for various biomedical applications. Today, a variety of polymer systems having tailored bioresorption profiles are being used or researched for specific biomedical applications. All these bioresorbable polymeric... 

In the case of polymer particles for life-science applications, it is obvious that only a few kinds of polymers were suitable, those able to be degraded upon hydrolysis in water or upon the action of enzymes were a priori appropriate. This explains the interest of polyesters such as polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid (and their copolymers) and polycaprolactone. Synthetic polymers of low molecular weight and which are non-toxic, that is, being bioresorbable, such as polycyanoalkylacrylates and polyacryhc acids, are also used. 

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