Synthesis of Phenol Derivatives ArOH

Alternatively, a strong base, such as sodium amide (NaNHj), can be used to create a sodium salt. 

Acetylide Anions Are Prepared from a Strong Base Like NaNH2 

It should be noted that only terminal alkynes can be deprotonated in this fashion, as the resulting anion is stabilized by the sp hybrid orbital. Because hydrocarbons contain no stabilizing functional groups, sp and sp C-Hs of these compounds are NOT acidic enough to be deprotonated by NaNH . When carbons such as these are needed as nucleophiles, the corresponding Grignard reagents are employed. 

These anions are too unstable Use Grignards as synthetic equivalent 

Aromatic alcohols (phenols) can be prepared by treatment of a diazonium salt (ArN2 ) with water, acid, and heat. In this substitution reaction, water acts as a nucleophile and replaces the excellent nitrogen leaving group (N2) on the diazonium salt. The diazonium salt is prepared in three steps from benzene (or a substituted benzene derivative, but such compounds will be addressed in a later part of this book). First, nitration of benzene with HNO3 and H2SO4 

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