Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles

In this section, we will emphasize how the different chemical approaches allow control over the size, shape and assembly of Au NPs. The first subsection describes the most common synthetic approaches for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles, based on historically known methods from Faraday and Turkevitch. The surface chemistry of Au NPs, Au nano-bio hybrids synthesis and certain properties and applications of gold nanoparticles will be briefly summarized. 

---

Liu YC, Kin LH, Chiu WH (2004) Size-controlled synthesis of gold nanoparticles from bulk gold substrates by sonoelectrochemical methods. J Phys Chem B 108 19237-19240... 

Okitsu K, Ashokkumar M, Grieser L (2005) Sonochemical synthesis of gold nanoparticles effects of ultrasound frequency. J Phys Chem B 109 20673-20675... 

Esumi, K., Sarashina, S. and Yoshimura, T. (2004) Synthesis of gold nanoparticles from an organometallic compound in supercritical carbon dioxide. Langmuir,... 

Figure 5.9 Synthesis of gold nanoparticles within Zr02. A gold colloid is first prepared then coated with silica using a modified Stober process [75]. The silica is removed using NaOH. Reproduced with permission from [74],...

Engelbrekt, C., Sorensen, K.H., Zhang,J., Welinder, A.C., Jensen, P.S. and Ulstrup, J. (2009) Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles with starch-glucose and application in bioelectrochemistry. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 19, 7839-7847. 

Cao, J., Hu, X. and Jiang, D. (2009) Synthesis of gold nanoparticle using halloysites. e-Joumal of Surface Science and Nanotechnology, 7, 813-815. 

Pal A (2004) Photochemical synthesis of gold nanoparticles via controlled nucleation using a bioactive molecule. Mater Lett 58 529-534... 

Manna A, Imae T, Yogo T, Aoi K, Okazaki M (2002) Synthesis of gold nanoparticles in a Winsor II type microemulsion and their characterization. J Colloid Interface Sci 256 297-303... 

Sau TK, Pal A, Jana NR, Wang ZL, Pal T (2001) Size controlled synthesis of gold nanoparticles using photochemically prepared seed particles. J Nanoparticle Res... 

Hsu H-Y, El-Sayed M, Eustis S (2004) Photochemical Synthesis of Gold nanoparticles with Interesting Shapes. NIN REU Res Accomp, pp 68-69... 

Guo, S., Shi, R, Gu, Y., Yang, J., Deng, Y., Size-controllable synthesis of gold nanoparticles via carbonylation and reduction of hydrochloroauric acid with CO and H2O in ionic liquids, Chem. Lett., 34,830-831,2005. 

A combination of octylamine (OA) and hexadecylamine (HDA) has been used for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using the organometallic complex... 

Chitosan-stabilized Au NPs can be selectively synthesized on surfaces like poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) films using HAuC14 as precursor. The computation of surface plasmon bands (SPBs) based on Mie theory and experimental results indicates that the particles are partially coated by chitosan. The proposed mechanism implies that chitosan acts as a reducing/stabilizing agent. Furthermore, PDMS films patterned with chitosan could induce localized synthesis of gold nanoparticles in regions capped with chitosan only [110]. 

Figure 3.13 Synthesis of gold nanoparticle-cored dendrimers using Frechet-type dendrons.

Although the main purpose of this chapter is to describe the most important chemical methods for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles and nanomaterials, it... 

Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles of Different Shapes and Their Functionalization... 

Wang Y, Wei G, Wen F, Zhang X, Zhang W, Shi L (2008) Synthesis of gold nanoparticles stabilized with poly((V-isopropylacrylamide)-co-poly(4-vinyl pyridine) colloid and their application in responsive catalysis. J Mol Catal A Chem 280 1-6... 

Ahmad, A., Senapati, S., and Khan, M.I. 2003b. Intracellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles by a novel alkalotolerant actinomycete, Rhodococcus species. Nanotechnology, 14 824-8. 

The two main approaches for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles, viz. synthesis in water and in non-polar organic solvents, have certain pros and cons that are enumerated below. 

---