Synthesis in presence

Extend DNA synthesis in presence of heat stable DNA polymerase at 72° C in presence of dNTPS. 

Synthesis in presence of phenol and alkylphenols, which leads to Friedel-Crafts alkylation by the cationic propagating chain ends (Aromatic C9, 1C, pure monomer resins, polyterpenes). 

Both catalytic systems even calcined at 550 or 710°C are active in methanol synthesis in presence of CO2 + H2. Comparing the catalysts annealed at 550°C the Cu-LaZr [ex carbonate] sample is the most active due to the higher copper surface area (e.g. 12 m2 compared to 9 m2) as shown in figure 3. 

The first observations clearly show that polyols modify the equilibrium morphology of boehmite particles, as it has been reported in the case of gibbsite crystallization [20, 21]. The use of polyols allows to obtain departures of the diamond shaped morphology observed at pH ll. If boehmite particles synthesized in presence of C2 to C4 polyols are always diamond shaped, the proportion of (101) and (010) planes is modified (table 1). The highest proportion of (101) face is reached for boehmite synthesis in presence of mesoerythritol (C4). Xylitol (C5) causes much important changes as the particle morphology is isotropic in this case. 

This paper describes the isomorphous substitution of aluminium by iron in the MFI type zeolite by direct synthesis in presence of oxalate or phosphate iron complexes, starting from a system containing TPABr and ethylene glycol (EG). The effect of Si/Al, Si/Fe, TPABr/Si and EG/Si ratios was investigated in order to understand the influence of these parameters on the nature of the products as well as their properties. 

Different ways have been proposed in the "open" and patent literature for the incorporation of metals into zeolites and for the partial or total substitution of aluminum. Ion exchange methods are very frequently used for the incorporation of mono and bivalent metals, e.g., in the preparation of Cu-MFI type zeolites, extensively studied for the SCR reaction [4, 5]. Solid state reactions are also used for the introduction of copper, iron and other metals [6, 7]. The TVD technique is another interesting method for the preparation of zeolites containing transition metals [8], and finally the direct synthesis in presence of metal salts [9,10] or metal complexes is also used. 

Dehydrogenation polymers of cinnamic derivatives (MW 800-150,000) Synthesis in presence of peroxidase H2O2 HIV Unknown [12]... 

H2PtCl6 (1 mM) PPY Single potential step, RSWP (0.1 Hz), galvanostatic reduction or cyclic voltammetry after PPY synthesis in presence of Me ions Pt depth profile dep. on deposition method 51,52, 132... 

We repeated the experiment with another buffer to see whether the preparation dependent effect was particular to pyridine. We found that the onset lag was enhanced more drastically by addition of 10 mM tris but now In both preparations (10-15 flashes more, fig. 1, trace b). The question arose whether tris caused a switch from localized" to "delocalized" behaviour. If that was the case then there should be no difference in the answer to additionally added pyridine between the two preparations. Trace d In fig. 1 shows ATP synthesis In presence of 10 mM tris and 5 mM pyridine. In low salt thylakoids" the onset lag was the same compared to addition of 10 mM tris only, but it was furthermore enhanced in "high salt thylakoids". Added pyridine caused the same effect, selective to the preparation medium, with and without tris-buffer. This implied that tris had not caused the switching from a "localized" to a "delocalized" behaviour. 

The rate of de novo purine synthesis in presence of fructose was only 55% of that in presence of glucose and preincubation of the cells with fructose (before the addition of ( C) formate) resulted in even greater deceleration of purine synthesis, being... 

The aldol condensation is considered to be one of the most important carbon-carbon bond forming reactions in organic synthesis in presence of basic reagents. The conventional aldol condensation involve reversible self-addition of aldehydes containing a a-hydrogen atom. The formed P-hydroxy aldehydes... 

The proposed mechanism by which chlorinated dioxins and furans form has shifted from one of incomplete destmction of the waste to one of low temperature, downstream formation on fly ash particles (33). Two mechanisms are proposed, a de novo synthesis, in which PCDD and PCDF are formed from organic carbon sources and Cl in the presence of metal catalysts, and a more direct synthesis from chlorinated organic precursors, again involving heterogeneous catalysis. Bench-scale tests suggest that the optimum temperature for PCDD and PCDF formation in the presence of fly ash is roughly 300°C. 

The choice of a specific CO2 removal system depends on the overall ammonia plant design and process integration. Important considerations include CO2 sHp required, CO2 partial pressure in the synthesis gas, presence or lack of sulfur, process energy demands, investment cost, availabiUty of solvent, and CO2 recovery requirements. Carbon dioxide is normally recovered for use in the manufacture of urea, in the carbonated beverage industry, or for enhanced oil recovery by miscible flooding. 

A novel synthesis of nornicotyrine has been described by Lions and Ritchie, who condensed ethyl nicotinylacetate hydrochloride with a -dichlorodiethyl ether in presence of ammonia at — 10° to — 13° and then at room temperature, producing mainly ethyl 2-(3 -pyridyl)furan-3-carboxylate, but also some ethyl 2-(3 -pyridyl)pyrrole-3-carboxylate,... 

These compounds yield, on hydrolysis, the free acids, which, like all acids containing two carbo.xyl groups attached to the same carbon atom, lose COj on heating. Thus, ethyl malonic acid yields butyric acid. In this way the synthesis of monobasic acids may be readily effected. Malonic ester, moreover, may be used in the preparation of cyclic compounds as well as of tetrabasic and also dibasic acids of the malonic acid series ( Perkin). To give one illustration malonic ester, and ethylene bromide in presence of sodium alcoholate, yield triniethyleiic dicarbo.xylic ester and tetramethylene tetracarbo.xylic ester. The first reaction takes place in two steps,... 

Anisole.—The prepaiation of anisole fiom phenol is analogous to Williamson s synthesis of the ethers (see p. 236), luit the etheis of phenol cannot be obtained by the action of tire alcohol on the phenol in presence of sulphuric acid. This reaction c.an, howet er, be effected In the case of the naphthdls (see p 316). 

It IS by a similar process that alizaiin has been synthesised w ith the oliject of ascertaining its constitution (see Notes on Prep. 110, p. 316), When two molecules of phenol and one molecule of phthalic anhydride are heated together with cone, sulphuric acid, then phenolphthalein is formed (Baeyei). Its constitution has been determined by its synthesis from phthalyl chloride and benzene by means of the Friedel-Crafts leaction (see Notes on Piep. 100, p. 309). Phthalyl chloride and benzene yield in presence of AlCl., phthalophenone. 

Ik 1 onstitution has been deteimined by its synthesis from catechol in presence of concentiated... 

Pyruvate kinase possesses allosteric sites for numerous effectors. It is activated by AMP and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and inhibited by ATP, acetyl-CoA, and alanine. (Note that alanine is the a-amino acid counterpart of the a-keto acid, pyruvate.) Furthermore, liver pyruvate kinase is regulated by covalent modification. Flormones such as glucagon activate a cAMP-dependent protein kinase, which transfers a phosphoryl group from ATP to the enzyme. The phos-phorylated form of pyruvate kinase is more strongly inhibited by ATP and alanine and has a higher for PEP, so that, in the presence of physiological levels of PEP, the enzyme is inactive. Then PEP is used as a substrate for glucose synthesis in the pathway (to be described in Chapter 23), instead... 

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