Synperonic surfactants

Uniqema Synperonic Surfactants, Resin Emulsification for Waterborne Coating and Adhesives, Uniqema, Wilmington, DE, 1999. 

Rharbi, Y, Bechthold, N., Landfester, K., Salzman, A., Winnik, M.A. Solute exchange in synperonic surfactant micelles. Langmuir 2003, 79(1), 10-17. 

The poloxamers manufactured by BASF (Cheadle, UK) are known as Pluronic PE block copolymers those manufactured by ICl (Cleveland, UK) as Synperonic PE nonionic surfactants. 

Breakage of glassware allowed 92% sulfuric acid into a heating bath containing hot Synperonic NX (nearly anhydrous ethoxylated nonylphenol, a liquid surfactant). Hydrolysis of the latter lowered the flashpoint and the bath ignited (possibly from formation of dioxane, flash point 12°C). 

Microscopic foam films have been used to study the steric interaction between two liquid/gas interfaces [130]. Two ABA triblock copolymers of the Synperonic PE series were employed P85 and F108. These commercial non-ionic surfactant were used as obtained from ICI Surfactants, Witton, UK. Blocks A are hydrophilic polyethylene oxide (PEO) chains, while block B is a hydrophobic polypropylene oxide (PPO) chain. The molecular masses and average EO contents are known from the manufacturer and yield approximate chemical formulae (Table 3.3). Data about the surface tension of electrolyte-free aqueous copolymer solutions can be seen in Fig. 3.31 [130]. It was additionally checked that NaCl (up to 510 2 mol dm 3) had no influence on these values. 

Treatments. Small fabric samples were removed very carefully from the tapestry and transferred into glass vessels to which treatment liquids were added in sufficient amount to assure complete immersion. The samples remained for 1 h in these liquids. Distilled water and distilled water containing 1 g/L of Synperonic N, an ethoxylated nonylphenol, nonionic surfactant were used for aqueous treatments. Commercial grade tetrachloroethylene was selected for the nonaqueous treatments. All treatments were made at room temperature. After the samples were removed from the liquids, they were allowed to dry in open air at 21 °C and 65% rh. 

Model suspoemulsions of polystyrene latex (mean volume diameter 1.84 pm) were prepared using the surfactant-free method, and then stabilised with Synperonic PE P94 (an ABA block of PEO-PPO-PEO with 47 PPO units and 42 PEO units) and isoparaffinic O/W emulsion (stabilised with Synperonic PE L92 with 47 PPO units and 16 PEO units). 

Competitive adsorption may be reduced by using the same surfactant for dispersing the solid and emulsifying the oil. This was demonstrated above by using Synperonic NPE 1800 however, as this molecule shows some reversible adsorption, the interaction between the particles and droplets is not completely prevented. 

Nonylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (Nonylphenoxy)poly-ethylene oxide a-(Nonylphenyl)-ro-hydroxypolyoxy-ethylene a-(Nonylphenyl)-ro-hydroxypoly(oxy-l, 2-eth-anediyl) m-Hydroxy-a-(nonylphenyl)poly(oxy-1,2-eth-anediyl) PEG-3 Nonyi phenyl ether PEG-4 Nonyi phenyl ether PEG-9 nonyi phenyl ether PEG-13 Nonyi phenyl ether PEG-15 Nonyi phenyl ether PEG-30 Nonyi phenyl ether PEG-44 Nonyi phenyl ether Polyethylene glycol (n) nonyi phenyl ether Polyoxyethylene nonyiphenoi Polyoxyethylene (n) nonyi phenyl ether Prevocel 12 Protachem 630 Rewopol HV-9 Synperonic NX Tergetol NP Tergitol NPX Tergitol TP-9 (nonionic) Triton N-100 Trycol NP-1, Detergent and dispersant used with petroleum oils intermediate in manufxture of surfactants and antistats co-emulsifier for fats, oils and waxes. Registered by EPA as a bactericide and insecticide (cancelled). Liquid, dj 1.06. Fluka Taiwan Surfactants. 

Also the effect of block-copolymer surfactants (Synperonic NPE) on the viscosity and stability of suspensions as a function of the PEO chain length is studied [278], The critical volume fraction of coal in suspension and maximum stability were observed for a surfactant with 48 PEO units. At 27 PEO units, flocculation appeared. In the interval from 79 to 174 PEO, desorption resulted leding to an increase in suspension flocculation. Thus, the choice of an optimum PEO content is very important to obtain liquid and stable suspensions, considering the features of the coal nature. 

The most convenient polymeric surfactants are those of the block-and-graft copolymer type triblock polymeric surfactants—Pluronics (BASF) and Synperonic PE (ICI)—two... 

This primary emulsion is then emulsified into aqueous solution of the high HLB polymeric surfactant (Synperonic PEF 127) using a low-speed stirrer (paddle stirrer) to produce multiple emulsion drops of the order of 10-100 pm in diameter. 

Several examples of block and graft copolymers may be quoted. Triblock polymeric surfactants [ Pluronics (BASF) or Synperonic PE (ICI)] - two poly-A blocks of PEO and one block poly-B of poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) several chain lengths of PEO and PPO are available. Triblocks of PPO-PEO-PEO (inverse Pluronics ) are also available. Polymeric triblock surfactants can be applied as emulsifiers and dispersants. The hydrophobic PPO chain resides at the hydrophobic surface, leaving the two PEO chains dangling in aqueous solution (providing steric stabilisation). 

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