Syngas membrane reactors

Kaiser, A., Foghmoes, S., Chatzichristodoulou, C. et al. (2011) Evaluation of thin film ceria membranes for syngas membrane reactors-preparation, characterization and tesUn. Journal of Membrane Science, 378, 51-60. 

Kaiser A, Foghmoes S, Chatzichristodoulon C, Spgaard M, Glasscock J A, Frandsen H L and Hendriksen P V (2011), Evalnation of thin fihn ceria membranes for syngas membrane reactors—Preparation, characterization and testing , / Membr Sci,3 7S,51-56. 

Whilst the basic process for generation and conversion of syngas is well established, production from biomass poses several challenges. These centre on the co-production of tars and hydrocarbons during the biomass gasification process, which is typically carried out at 800 °C. Recent advances in the production of more robust catalysts and catalytic membrane reactors should overcome many of these challenges. 

One example of membrane reactors is oxidation, in which oxygen from one phase diffuses from one side of an oxygen-permeable membrane to react with a fuel on the other side of the membrane. This avoids a high concentration of O2 on the fuel side, which would be flammable. A catalyst on the fuel side of the membrane oxidizes the fuel to partial oxidation products. One important process using a membrane reactor is the reaction to oxidize methane to form syngas,... 

Figure 12-4 Membrane reactor in wJiicIi a cataJyst promotes reaction in the membrane and maintains reactants and products separate. Examples sliown are CH4 oxidation to syngas and C2H6 reduction to C2H4. Tlie membrane eliminates N2 from the syngas and produces C2H4 beyond equilibrium by removing H2 in these apphcations.

P.N. Dyer, C.M. Chen, Engineering development of ceramic membrane reactor system for converting natural gas to H2 and syngas for liquid transportation fuel, Proceedings of the 2000 Hydrogen Program Review, DOE, 2000... 

Figure 13.21 Use of ion-conducting ceramic membranes in a membrane reactor to produce (a) syngas (CO + H2) and (b) ethylene...

Wang, h., Tablet, C., Schiestel, T., Werth, S. and Caro, J. (2006) Partial oxidation of methane to syngas in perovskite hollow fiber membrane reactor. Catalysis Communications, 7, 907-912. 

E. Kikuchi and Y. Chen, Low-Temperature Syngas Formation by C02 Reforming of Methane in a Hydrogen Permselective Membrane Reactor , Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 107 547-53 (1997). 

Some dense inorganic membranes made of metals and metal oxides are oxygen specific. Notable ones include silver, zirconia stabilized by yttria or calcia, lead oxide, perovskite-type oxides and some mixed oxides such as yttria stabilized titania-zirconia. Their usage as a membrane reactor is profiled in Table 8.4 for a number of reactions decomposition of carbon dioxide to form carbon monoxide and oxygen, oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen and nitrous oxide, oxidation of methane to syngas and oxidative coupling of methane to form C2 hydrocarbons, and oxidation of other hydrocarbons such as ethylene, methanol, ethanol, propylene and butene. 

Basile, A., Paturzo, L., Lagana, F. (2001). The partial oxidation of methane to syngas in a palladium membrane reactor simulation and experimental studies. Catalysis Today 67,65-75. 

Wang H, Cong Y, and Yang W. Partial oxidation of ethane to syngas in an oxygen-permeable membrane reactor. J. Membr. Sci. 2002 209 143-152. 

FIGURE 6.32 Schematic diagram of an integrated distributor/extractor membrane reactor based on the combination of dense ceramic oxygen and hydrogen transport membrane for syngas production. 

Liu BS and Au CT. A La2Ni04-zeolite membrane reactors for the CO2 reforming of methane to syngas. Catal Lett 2001 77(l-3) 67-74. 

Figure 9.11. Feed-side CO and C02 mole fraction profiles along the length of membrane reactor for autothermal reforming syngas. (Reprinted with permission from Huang et al.,6 Copyright 2005 Elsevier.)...

C.-Y. Tsai, Y.H. Ma, W.R. Moser and A.G. Dixon, Simulation of nonisothermal catalytic membrane reactor for methane partial oxidation to syngas, in Y.H. Ma (Ed.), Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Inorganic Membranes, Worcester, 1994, pp. 271-280. 

Fig. 3 A membrane reactor with ion-conducting membranes for the production of syngas (A) and ethylene (B). (From Ref. l)...

II.C.5 ITM Syngas and ITM H2 Engineering Development of Ceramic Membrane Reactor Systems for Converting Natural Gas to Hydrogen and Synthesis Gas for Liquid Transportation Fuels... 

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