Sven hand

Worldwide, many new government initiatives were established to help in the development of externally powered, multifunctional, complete arm systems for these children. Prime among these being the Edinburgh Arm (Simpson, 1969), the Boston Arm (Mann, 1968 Mann Reimers, 1970), the Philadelphia Arm (Taylor Wirta 1970 Taylor Finley, 1974), the Wasada Hand (Kato et al., 1970), the Belgrade Hand (Razic, 1973 Stojiljkovic Saletic, 1975), the Sven Hand (Herberts et al., 1978), the Utah Arm (Jacobsen et al., 1982). 

The Philadelphia Arm of Taylor and Wirta (1970) and Taylor and Finley (1974) also never found clinical use, but like the Sven Hand found use as a research tool for multifunction control using weighted filters for the pattern recognition problem. The Belgrade hand too was never used clinically but has ended up in the robotics field in the form of the BelgradeAJSC robotic hand (Beattie et al., 1994). 

To be clinically viable a multifunctional hand must be robust. This was one of the reasons why the Sven Hand was simplified to the ES Hand—so that it might find some clinical application. A possible compromise to the dilemma of robustness versus increased function possible with a multi-DOF hand is to limit the device to those degrees of freedom necessary to replicate Keller et al. (1947) grasp patterns. This idea of providing sufficient DOFs to recreate Keller et al. grasp patterns turns up in many uiu elated fields when compromise must be made between function and some other variable. 

Brundin, L., Transantarctic relationships and their significance as evidenced by midges, K. Sven. Vetenskapsakad. Hand Ser. 4, 11, 1-472, 1966. 

Several comments may be made to these interpretations. On one hand, Sven-NERHOLM (1957 c) has pointed out that neuraminic acid occurring in tissues is not necessarily a component of gangliosides. On the other hand, conclusions drawn from solubility properties of an isolated compound may not be valid when the same material occurs as a component of a tissue furthermore, staining properties may be modified depending on the physical state of a substance within the cells. Therefore, the advantage of histochemical methods lies more in the localization of a given compound than in its structural determination. Differentiation of various gangliosides still depends on chemical analysis. 

---