Sustentacular cells

Figure 7.15 The D-PCS membrane in mitochondria of mature Sertoli stage sustentacular cells of Xciwpus laci is. (a) A projection generated along the [111] direction, (b)-(d) Sections with the typical appearance of the D-PCS membrane. Compare Fig. 7.1 and 7.12. Reproduced from [23] with permission.

Min KW. Diagnostic usefulness of sustentacular cells in paragangliomas immunocytochemical and ultrastructural investigation. Ultrastruct Pathol. 1998 22(5) 369-376. 

S-100 may be part of a panel when considering a metastatic malignant melanoma however, sustentacular cells in the adrenal medulla are also positive for this marker. Additionally, HMB-45, which is known to be positive in malignant melanomas, is occasionally positive in pheochromocytomas. 9262... 

FIGURE 10.31 A, Adrenal pheochromocytoma. Immunoperoxidase stain for chromogranin A shows strong cytoplasmic staining. B, Immu-noperoxidase stain for S-100 protein demonstrates positivity in sustentacular cells. 

The major cell types of the adrenal medulla and extra-adrenal paraganglia include the catecholamine-synthesizing cells and the supporting or sustentacular cells. ° Both catecholamines and catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes have been demonstrated in the former cells with immunofluorescent techniques in frozen sections and immunoperoxidase techniques in paraffin-embedded material.The catecholamine-synthesizing cells typically exhibit positivity for a variety of generic NE markers and are variably positive for certain peptide hormones. Sustentacular cells, in contrast, are positive for S-100 protein. ... 

FIGURE 10.34 A, Extra-adrenal neuroblastoma. Immunoperoxidase stain for chromogranin A reveals a granular staining pattern in areas of process formation. B, Extra-adrenal neuroblastoma. Immunoperoxidase stain for S-100 protein shows positivity restricted to sustentacular cells. 

Intrathoracic paragangliomas (PGs) may arise in the anterior mediastinal compartment, in association with the aorticopulmonary root, or along the vertebral column. > Some of these lesions may demonstrate a prominently sclerotic stroma, which can obscure their true lineage.Their neural nature is reflected by their lack of labeling for keratin and EMA. They instead express neurofilament protein, with or without vimentin, in likeness to NBL. Stains for S-100 protein can be used to label sustentacular cells that surround cellular nests in PGs (Fig. 11.24), and the tumor cells themselves often... 

FIGURE 11.24 Labeling of sustentacular cells for S-100 protein (A) and chromogranin A (B) in mediastinal paraganglioma (C). S-1 00 protein tends to be lost when tumors of this type acquire overtly malignant biological properties. 

Schroder HD, Johannsen L. Demonstration of SlOO protein in sustentacular cells of phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas. Histopathology. 1986 10 1023-1033. 

Well-differentiated NETs of the appendix tend to arise in the tip. These are usually small (<1 cm), found incidentally, and have little to no chance of metastasizing. Occasionally, well-differentiated NETs can occur toward the base of the appendix and grow to a larger size these tumors should be considered potentially malignant, as is the case with most other NETs of the GI tract. Similar to ileal NETs, appendiceal NETs typically arise from EC cells and, as such, are positive for CDX2.2 292 jj ggg well-differentiated NET tend to be negative for both CK7 and CK20,2 but they often have S-lOO-positive sustentacular cells around the cell nests. 

NSE +, SlOO +/— (+ in sustentacular cells with nuclear stain), bcl-2 +/—, GFAP +/—,... 

Sertoli cells (sustentacular cells) Cells that line the seminiferous tubules in the testis, named after the Italian histologist Enrico Sertoli (1842-1910). Sertoli cells protect the spermatids (developing germ cells) and convey nutrients to both the developing and mature spermatozoa. They also produce a hormone, inhlbln, which can inhibit follicle-stimulating hormone and thereby regulate production of spermatozoa. 

Electron microscopically, paragangUonic cells, enveloping sustentacular cells, and synaptic connections with unmyelinated axons are seen in peribronchial microparaganglia (Bock 1970). 

More recently, we have tackled the problem of possible electrical connections between glomus cells and carotid nerve terminals and have started to study communications between glomus and sustentacular cells. Thus, results presented below are a synopsis of these studies in hopes of attaining a better understanding of the complexities of transduction in these receptors. 

Figure 8 Left Diagram summarizing intercellular coupling between different structures in the carotid body. GC, glomus cells SC, sustentacular cells NT, carotid nerve terminal. Arrows show points (gap junctions) where there is transfer of information from one cell to another. Note that all structures are interconnected. Right A Lucifer Yellow microinjection into a cell with a complex shape stains this element and dye diffuses to many other structures in the organ. Clearly, some are glomus cells. The injected structure may be a sustentacular cell.

Local destruction of glomus cells is commonly accompanied by elimination—or at least dedifferentiation—of sustentacular cells, whose actions have seldom been searched for and whose importance is poorly understood. 

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