Susceptibility artefacts

GE images have shorter scan times due to the shortened TR associated with the smaller excitation angle but are more susceptible to magnetic field inhomogeneities and susceptibility artefacts between different tissues. Artefacts associated with Wood products and metallic implants can he significant. This increased susceptibility artefact is useful for imaging cartilage, and in the detection of Wood products and calcification. 

Gadolinium shortens the T1 and so increases signal intensity on T1 weighted images. At higher concentrations, it can cause T2 shortening and magnetic susceptibility artefacts (Elster 1997). 

Aschoff AJ, Wendt M, Merkle EM, et al (2001) Comparison of susceptibility artefacts of different radiofrequency electrodes at 0.2 T. Influence of electrode positioning, pulse sequence and image reconstruction methods. Rofo Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Neuen Bildgeb Verfahr 173 257-262... 

The saturated hydrocarbon moieties give lipids an aliphatic character, and thus hydro-phobic properties, which limit their loss from artefacts by water leaching. However, they are subject to chemical and microbiological alterations since they have a limited number of reactive sites, they are relatively less susceptible to structural modification and degradation than polysaccharides, proteins and nucleotides. 

Although PZ gas chemosensors are susceptible to artefacts, like temperature drift as well as humidity and pressure changes, their essential virtues, consisting in... 

Examination of A. qfficinarum by Itokawa and his group provided besides the known compound 6 (8) and the ketol 22 (25) two new enones, 28 and 29 (26). Circular dichroism studies revealed the interesting fact that, in contrast to the known components of Alms firma and A. sieboldiana, which contained (S)-6 and (5)-22, in Alpinia officinarum the same alcohols were present as the R enantiomers. On further investigation the same plant also yielded a total of eight new achiral or racemic diarylheptanoids 23, 24, 31 (27), 25, 26, and 30, (28), 33 (29), 27 and 32 (30). Since the highly susceptible P-hydroxyketones can readily undergo dehydration and subsequent addition of methanol, the enones 28, 29, and 30, as well as the P-methoxyketones 23, 25, and 26 may be artefacts. This assumption is also supported by the racemic nature of 23, 25, and 26. 

Increases display dynamic range (increased sensitivity) Susceptible to tissue motion artefacts... 

There are four types of artefacts related to the magnetic field gradients truncation, aliasing (wrap around), chemical shift and susceptibility (Rawson and Siegel 1996). 

Lanata, A., Scilingo, E.P., Nardini, E., Loriga, G., Paradiso, R., De Rossi, D., 2010. Comparative evaluation of susceptibility to motion artefact in different wearable systems for monitoring respiratory rate. IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine 12 (2), 378-386. 

The dependence of the surface tension of pure water was found to exhibit anomalies [44] in the sense that the corresponding curve showed inflection points at several temperatures (15, 30, 45, 60 C,...). Anomalies, also called kinks , were also found for other properties of pure water, such as viscosity, compressibihty or magnetic susceptibility besides, polywater has been the subject of much interest [49]. However, more careful studies have finally [38] pointed to the absence of kinks in the behavior of pure water the anomalies described previously are now believed to have resulted from some artefacts or to have been within experimental error. 

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