Surge causes

Overvoltages and voltage surges caused by disturbances in an LT system 6/130... 

Voltage surges, caused by system disturbances or switching operations (for HT motors). 

Savir-Silbermann, S.. Surges caused by switching of capacitor banks , Electrical Energy. 88-95. March (1958). 

Upon termination of the experiment, all parts of the apparatus should be evacuated once again, before the liquid nitrogen bath is removed. The same precaution should also be maintained during removal of the bath, in order to safeguard against pressure surges caused by thermal expansion of the residual hydrogen or due to sudden desorption from the charcoal. 

Flow Surging Caused by a Worn Feed Casing and a New Barrel... 

Although heave motions and frequencies do not Individually cause significant resonant waves they magnify the effect of the resonant waves caused by pitch or surge motions 1.e. the pitch or surge causes an out of balance system that 1s then acted on by the heave forces to magnify the fluid motion Inside the process vessel. 

A fault current-limiter is a component which protects power transmission and distribution systems from surges caused by, for example, a lightning strike, fulfilling a function similar to that of a varistor (see Section 4.3.1). The limiter should be capable of reducing the fault current to a fraction of its peak value in less than a cycle. Because for this application the requirement is for low Jc, fault current limiters are already a commercial product. In the case of the lead shown in Fig. 4.58(b) the fault current is limited to a safe value within 5 ms of the arrival of the current spike . 

A. D. Jerkovich, J. S. Mellors, J. W. Thompson, and J. W. Jorgenson, Linear velocity surge caused by mobile-phase compression as a source of band broadening in iso-cratic ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography, AnaZ. Chem. 77 (2005), 6292-6299. 

Recommendation (Pueblo) GA-4. Safeguards should be provided for the GATS supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) system against pressure surges causing material from the reactor to flow back into a feed pipe. The use of pure oxygen feed for the GATS SCWO system should be avoided if at all possible. 

The fan surges, causing reverse flow in the whole air system including a burner. That air flow reversal into a burner causes the fuel flow inside the burner to move into the air supply connections, followed by hot furnace gas. 

Rapid tube failure or glass or karbate tubes break inlet gas velocity too high and directed onto tubes/gas velocity > 5 m/s causing tube vibration/surges in cooling water/surges cause by syphon without vent break. 

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