Surfactants atomic force microscopy measurement

Wang, A.F., Jiang, L.P., Mao, G.Z. and Liu, Y.H. (2002) Direct force measurement of silicone-and hydrocarbon-based ABA triblock surfactants in alcoholic media by atomic force microscopy. /. Colloid Interface Sci., 256(2), 331 40. 

The stable branches of the oscillatory curves have been detected by means of a thin-fihn pressure balance [461,486,487]. Oscillatory forces due to surfactant micelles and microemulsion droplets have also been measured by means of a SEA [488,489] by atomic force microscopy [463,490] by a light scattering method [491], in asymmetric films [492], in anulsion films [493], and in films containing solid colloidal spheres [437,438,494-502]. Such forces are also observed in more complex systems like... 

Structural forces have meanwhile been directly measured in foam films using the thin film balance and caused by surfactant micelles [779] or polyelectrolytes [795, 796]. In fact, stratification in foam film in the presence of high surfactant concentrations has been observed much earlier [752] and is a common phenomenon. Structural forces have also been observed between partides induced by addition of polymer [1431,1444,1445], induced by surfactant micelles [1306,1443,1446], or in dispersions with smaller spherical particles [1447]. Measurements have been carried out by the surface force apparatus [1443], atomic force microscopy [1444,1445], total internal reflection microscopy [1431, 1446], and optical tweezers [1447]. 

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