Surface step schematic diagram

Figure Al.7.1. Schematic diagram illustrating terraces, steps, and defects, (a) Perfect flat terraces separated by a straight, monoatomic step, (b) A surface containing various defects.

Figure 1.12 Schematic diagram showing the mirror equivalent step-kink arrangements ofthe fee 6 4 3 R and fee 6 4 3 s surfaces (Adapted with permission from Ref. [37]. Copyright 1996, American Chemical Society.)...

Fig. 25 Schematic diagram of the presentation of a regionally specific micropatterned surface with an unprecedented five different photograft-copolymerized regions using the comhination of a photomask and an X-Y step motor-controUed stage...

Fig. 26 Schematic diagram of the preparation of a gradient surface varying unidirection-ally in thickness of the photograft-copolymerized layer by using the combination of two types of photomasks and the X-Y step motor-controlled stage...

Fig. 2.2 Schematic diagram showing the probable steps involved in the hydroxide mechanism. A Diffusion of hydroxide colloidal particles to the substrate, where they adhere (B) and react with S ions (either generated homogeneously in solution or catalyzed by the hydroxide surface). This reaction results in exchange of the hydroxide by sulphide, probably starting at the surface of the colloid and proceeding inward (C). This reaction will occur both at the surface-adsorbed colloids and at those dispersed in the solution. Reaction will continue (as long as the supply of sulphide continues) until most of the hydroxide is converted to sulphide (D) eventually the primary particles of CdS will adhere to each other to form an aggregated film (E) usually the nonadsorbed particles will also aggregate and precipitate out of the solution.

Fig. 8. Schematic diagram showing the first step in field corrosion of a two-electron bond. I — X = heat of binding x = work function n = Fermi level a/2 = expectation value of eleetron-to-surface distance.

Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a single-layer-stepped Si or Ge(00 1) surface. The dumbbells represent surface dimers. The two differenttypesofsingle-layerstepsarelabelledS AandS B (ao = 5.43 A and a = 3.84AforSi(00 1) and do = 5.64 A and a = 4.00 A for Ge(00 1)).

After application of the chemical finish, the fabric must be dried and if necessary, the finish must be fixed to the fibre surface, usually by additional heating in a curing step. A schematic diagram of a pad-dry-cure process is... 

Figure 9.4 A schematic diagram showing the process of self-assembly for a lipid bilayer on a freshly cleaved metal surface step 1, a metal wire being cut under a lipid droplet with a sharp blade forming an adsorbed monolayer of lipid step 2, upon immersion of the lipid-coated wire tip into aqueous solution, a self-assembled BLM is formed (see [10], [11], [28], and [29] for details).

Figure 5.18 Receptor-mediated endocytosis. (a) Schematic diagram of the main steps in the endocytotic pathway. Binding at the cell surface induces clustering of receptor-ligand complexes in specialized regions of the membrane. Endocytotic vesicles form in these regions separation of receptor and ligand occurs as the endosome matures. Separated receptors can recycle to the surface, while remaining material is degraded within lysosomes. (b) Typical time course of internalization and degradation.

The PCR amplicons were captured on the electrodes and detected using a portable pulse amperometric reader (AndCare, Durham, NC). A schematic diagram of the detection process is shown in Fig. 15.1B. Briefly, the biotin- and fluorescein-labeled PCR amplicons were diluted with an equal volume of 0.05 M phosphate buffer, and the diluted PCR amplicons were applied to the surface of the working electrode for 5 min. During the incubation step, the biotin-labeled strands of the PCR amplicons were specifically captured on the streptavidin precoated working electrode. The excess PCR amplicons were removed by dipping the electrode 10 times into... 

Plasma Etching, Fig. 5 Schematic diagram of the STS ASE procedure (a) passivation step after one cycle (b) the etching step after one cycle, i.e., the second etching (c) profile after four cycles and (d) cross-sectional SEM micrograph of the etched holes with scalloped surface... 

Analogous results were obtained with cis-W. A schematic diagram that illustrates the principal processes believed to be involved in the oxidation of microparticles of cw-Mn or cA-W adhered to an electrode surface in contact with an ionic liquid is provided in Fig. 14.13. The mechanism is now considerably more complicated than for the previously described systems, as dissolved electrogenerated species Oxl (ionic liquid), now undergoes a square reaction scheme. Nevertheless, despite the greater complexity in the ECE reaction mechanism, the voltammetry of adhered microparticles method can be used to determine the relevant thermodynamic and kinetic parameters when step C is a first-order homogeneous reaction, as applies in the case of an isomerization reaction. 

Fig. 12 (a) Schematic diagram of the chain initiation mechanism on Co(OOOl). Values on the arrows refer to the individual barriers (in kJ mor ) for each elementary step. The preferred H-assisted CO dissociation path is the lighter colour. Reprinted from ref. 38 with permission from Elsevier (b) Energy profile of H-assisted CO dissociation pathways on the stepped Co(211) surface HCO pathway (darker) and COH pathway (lighter). Reproduced from ref. 33 by permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry. 

Figure 7.17 A schematic diagram of a misfit dislocation lying in an inclined slip plane in a thin film. Note that introduction of this dislocation leaves a slip step on the film surface. For a...

Figure 7.20 A schematic diagram showing the geometry of a 60° dislocation on an inclined (111) type plane. Note the surface step resulting from slip on the glide plane.

Figure 9.30 A schematic diagram of the basic steps in soft lithography. (1) A mask master is produced by standard lithography methods (see, for example Figure 9.28). (2) An elastomeric material such as polydimethylsiloxane is poured over the master and, with proper processing, covers the master conformally. The resulting stamp is peeled away from the master. The material to be printed, for example an ink, is picked up with the stamp (3) and transferred to the target surface (4). The ink should be designed to adhere well to the target and only weakly to the stamp so that the stamp comes away clean from the surface (5) leaving a complete and defect-free pattern. The stamp can be re-inked and used repeatedly.

Figure 10.11 A schematic diagram showing typical routes of transfer of adatoms across a growing crystal surface among islands, between islands and surface steps, and across the steps.

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