Surface modifiers suggested

The application of modified electrodes for the assay of antibodies in senun preparations using redox indicators encapsuled into antigene marked liposomes attached to an electrode surface was suggested First model studies towards this goal make use of ferricyanide ions entrapped in synthetic vesicles. 

More hindered nitrogen bases were not effective modifiers, suggesting an interaction of the N-containing base with the palladium metal surface of the catalyst (8). Ethylenediamine forms a complex with palladium on carbon... 

Liposomal drugs have been suggested to be the magic bullet of cancer therapy due to their ability to accumulate selectively in the tumour. The problem remains that not all cancers and patients respond in the same way. The drug actually delivered to the required site of action plays an important role in the response achieved, while the potential toxicity of the surface modified liposomes in the macrophage system have to be taken into account on chronic administration. 

ESMS was employed to identify reactive intermediates in the enantioselective hydrogenation of ethyl pyruvate on Pt-alumina, Pt black, and Pt black+alumina catalysts modified by dihydrocinchonidine in acetic acid [56]. The ESMS spectra of the raw product revealed a large number of species which fell into four groups (1) dihydrocinchonidine and its hydrogenated derivatives (2) the adducts of ethyl pyruvate and its oligomers (3) (R)-ethyl lactate, the product of the enantioselective hydrogenation, and its adducts and (4) oxonium compounds formed from alumina. The latter most likely play a decisive role in the development of the chiral environment of the catalyst surface. As suggested by the authors, these oxonium cations could make the so-called electrostatic catalysis [57],based on electrostatic acceleration, possible. 

Kharitonov et al. [59] have shown that direct fluorination of the polyimide Matrimid is possible, hence the resulting membrane should have a nice potential for use in harsh environment. Perfluorinated materials were also studied by Hagg [60] for chlorine gas purification, and were shown to be exceptionally stable in these harsh environments. The selectivity was however too low. In a later publication on chlorine purification [31] it was suggested to use perfluorinated monomers as surface-modifying compounds for pore tailoring of glass membranes for chlorine gas separation. 

The ion-exchange properties of zirconia-silica surfaces were also evaluated by Chicz, Shi, and Regnier - however, their study was conducted on surfaces modified with a layer of PEI. A number of different stationary phase base support materials were employed in their study including zirconia-silica. They found that retention was dependent on the amount of PEI bound to the surface, leading them to suggest that base materials with similar... 

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