Surface coating modification surfactant

Excluding the use of an aqueous polymer dispersion, or latex, an alternative way to process nonpolar polymer nanocomposites reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals consists of their dispersion in an adequate (with regard to matrix) organic medium. Coating with a surfactant or a surface chemical modification of the nanoparticles can be considered. The global objective is to reduce their surface energy in order to improve their dispersibUity/compatibility with nonpolar media. 

When using nonaqueous systems, the processes of nonpolar polymer nanocomposites reinforced with polysaccharide nanoparticles involve dispersion in the organic medium of nanoparticles, coating with a surfactant, or surface chemical modification of the nanoparticles to reduce their surface energy and to increase dispersibility in nonpolar media. The decrease of surface energy ensures dispersion of nanoparticles in organic liquids with low polarity. 

Modification of the top electrode may also be achieved. This was done by adding a small amount of surfactant, such as an ether phosphate or an ether sulfate, to the spin-coat solution of the luminescent polymer [89]. The lipophobic ether chains segregate at the surface of the (predominantly) hydrocarbon polymer, becoming available for complexation with the aluminum cathode which is deposited on top. Thus, the dipole in the surfactant points away from the electrode and lowers its work function to improve the injection of electrons. 

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has emerged as an efficient and rapid separation technique in recent years. Its high efficiency has been employed in many applications such as in the analysis of environmental pollutants.Different approaches have been adopted to enhance selectivity for the analysis of different types of compounds. There are two approaches most commonly used to improve CE separations the addition of modifiers into the electrophoretic medium and the modification of the column. Examples of the first approach include the addition of surfactants into the electrophoretic medium as in micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), and the use of organic solvents,cyclodextrines, " " or bile salts " as buffer modifiers. Examples of the second method include the use of gel-filled columns (capillary gel electrophoresis) " and the coating of the capillary wall surface. " " ... 

As mentioned above ion-pair partition is automatically involved in chromatography of anionic solutes on dynamically coated phases using long chain quaternary ammonium ions. The possibility of ion-pair partition of cationic solutes, however, has not been investigated and problems might occur due to the apparent possibility of ion-pair formation between the counterion and surfactant ions, as well as the solute in question. A dynamic modification of the support surface (alumina), using... 

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