Surface Chemistry and Its Effects on Adsorption

Hydroxyls Lactones and Lactols Carboxyl (and their anhydrides) 

The amount as weU as the strength of acidity can be determined by titrating with basic solutions of different alkalinity (Boehm, et al., 1964 VoU and Boehm, 1970 Bandosz, et al., 1993 Boehm, 1994 Contescu et al., 1997 Biniak et al., 1997 Boehm, 2001 Boehm, 2002). The three types of acid groups above can be neutralized by 0.05 N solutions of, respectively, NaOH, Na2C03, and NaHC03 (known as Boehm titration). The acidity of any functional group is influenced by its local chemical environment, that is, the size and shape of the polyaromatic 

Basicity of carbon surfaces can also be introduced by nitriding, that is, reacting the carbon with anhydrous ammonia at elevated temperatures (Radovic et al., 1996). Unlike oxygen, only very small amounts of nitrogen can be incorporated as functionalities, which, however, can yield basicity on the surface. 

---