Surface, chemisorbed organic groups

There are many chemisorbed organic groups whol e surface bonding can be viewed as Identical to that of organoirietaliic clusters. Figures 6.5 and 6,6 show the equiv-... 

The occurrence of Ca " adsorption induced by -COOH and -SO3H groups anchored to the electrode surface via chemisorbed organic molecules was presented and discussed. Finally, it was shown that the study of the induced adsorption of labeled Ca " species may serve as an indirect tool for the investigation of the adsorption or chemisorption of some molecules and ions. 

Organophilic silicas. Made from all the foregoing types of powders by covering the surface with a monomolecular chemisorbed layer of organic groups attached to the surface atoms through Si-C, Si-O-C, Si-0"N" -C, Si-O-M-O-C types of linkages (M is a polyvalent metal cation). 

The preparation technique must fulfill certain requirements the surface properties of the substrate, e.g., the density of chemisorbed OH groups, must be well defined and the organic monomer must be allowed to bind to the reactive centers of the surface without destroying the defined surface structure the monomer itself should form a dense structure with a high degree of ordering so that the substrate surface is not accessible to water molecules. 

The existence of surface hydride groups of the types known in classic organic chemistry is very probable in most carbons. Direct chemical evidence is very difficult to obtain due to the relative inertness of the carbon-hydrogen bond. However, the fact that hydrogen is strongly chemisorbed on carbons and released at high temperatures only in the form of hydrocarbons is sufficient proof of the existence of true carbon-hydrogen bonds. 

The most important and at the same time the most abundant heteroatom that affects the use of carbon is oxygen. It is usually either chemisorbed on the surface or arranged in the form of functional groups analogous to those existing in organic chemistry [51-54]. Since those groups increase the reactivity of the otherwise hydrophobic carbon surface, oxidation often opens the door to further... 

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