Surface Analyses XPS In Situ

The answer is YES, the field is wide open, and there are many fundamental questions to be answered. 

They may be grouped into those connected with understanding the complex materials active as catalysts and those connected with operating conditions. 

Complexity often does not (Mily lead to qualitative changes but to new phenomena that do not occur in simpler systems, and they need to be understood to be able to describe catalytic phenomena reliably. 

Considerable progress has been made in model catalysts of planar well-ordered extended surfaces, but under UHV conditions. Atomic structure and electronic properties of many metal surfaces or metal oxide-supported materials are now accessible, related to the physical and chemical properties of adsorbate species on surfaces, in particular binding sites. However, there are several problems related to the application of models with real catalysts, such as metal-support interactions and 

The photoelectron X-ray spectra of the catalysts are obtained using a spectrometer with radiation X-ray tubes. The samples are subjected to a primary vacuum for 1 h at room temperature and subsequently be introduced in the ultravacuum analysis chamber on the order of 10 Torr. To this end, we use a step of 0.2 eV with a scan time of 100 ms per step and a total of 10,100,50,30, and 10 scans for the selected elements. 

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