Surface-active agents diluents

In summary, it is the effective surface area of a drug particle that determines its dissolution rate. The effective surface area may be increased by physically reducing the particle size, by adding hydrophilic diluents to the final dosage form, or by adding surface-active agents to the dissolution medium or to the dosage form. 

Up to now only limited kinetic data and thus rate models (and even mechanistic details) of aqueous phase operation are available. Thus, in many cases only estimates and experimentally found data are at the disposal for reaction engineers work (e.g.[25]). The state of the art of the hydroformylation of higher alkenes (>C -) comprises additions of supplementary solvents/diluents or extraction fluids, surface-active agents (detergents), intensity and mode of stirring ([22b], power of agitation (cf. Figure 5.5) operation in... 

It should be pointed out that diluents are not the only way to lower the viscosity of filled epoxy resins systems. Surface active agents can also be added to the system. They provide better wetting of the filler by the epoxy resin matrix. This can lead to substantial viscosity reduction for systems having equivalent filler concentration. The surface active agent, in turn, could also be used to produce formulations with higher filler loading at equivalent viscosity. These surface active agents are discussed in Chap. 10. 

Producing compounded lecithins. Compounded lecithins are special purpose products made by the direct addition and/or blending of functional additives, emulsifiers, diluents, surface active agents, and so on. 

Suppositories are solid, single-dose preparations. Their shape, volume and consistency make them suitable for rectal administration. They contain one or more active substances dispersed or dissolved in a suitable basis that may be soluble or dispersible in water or may melt at body temperature. Excipients such as diluents, adsorbents, surface-active agents, lubricants, antimicrobial preservatives and colotulng matter, authorised by the competent authority, may be added if necessary (Ph. Eur.). 

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