Supersonic air

The supersonic air induced into the air-intake is converted into a pressurized subsonic airflow through the shock wave in the air-intake. The fuel-rich gas produced in the gas generator pressurizes the combustion chamber and flows into the ramburner through a gas flow control system. The pressurized air and the fuel-rich gas produce a premixed and/or a diffusional flame in the ramburner. The combustion gas flows out through the convergent-divergent nozzle and is accelerated to supersonic flow. 

SRAM (AGM-69A). This USAF Short Range Attack Missile is a supersonic air-to-surface nuclear weapon, to complement and eventually replace the Hound Dog missile. It is deployed with the B-52G and H versions of the Strato-fortress bomber, the swing-wing FB-111 As, and has been designated for the B-l strategic bomber... 

Since the mass flow rate of the supersonic air induced from the air intakes is dependent on the flight speed and altitude of the projectile, the mixture ratio of the air and the fuel-rich gas changes. In some cases, the mixture is too air-rich or too fuel-rich to burn in the secondary combustion chamber, i.e., the mixed gas no longer within the flammability limits (see Section 3.4.3 in Chapter 3) and no ignition occurs (see Section 3.4.1 in Chapter 3). In order to optimize the combustion in the secondary combustion chamber under various flight conditions, a variable flow rate system is attached to the gas flow control system. 

Figure 13.1 Supersonic air-breathing pulse detonation engine.

The changing of the characteristic of the flow when reaching sonic speed is used in the now-following diffuser. Here, the increasing diameter leads to a further gain in velocity at supersonic speed level. The supersonic air velocity reaches a peak at the outlet of the nozzle and in correlation a strong pressure drop takes place... 

Microencapsulation avoids many of the problems associated with the use of neat liquid crystal. McElderry [40] used microencapsulated material to study flat plates placed in a supersonic air stream, to produce a color display that had relatively low angular dependence. The encapsulation of material is particularly important if liquid crystal thermography is to be used in water tunnels. Here, it is useful to apply microencapsulated liquid crystal using an air brush, protect the capsules from contamination by solvents with an initial coating of acrylic polymer, and finally apply a waterproof polyurethane top coat. Fig. 4. Ogden and Hendricks [41] report the use of this technique for the study of turbulent water flow... 

Marschall D. John. Oxidation and Catalytic Efficiency of ZrB2 and HfB2 based Ultra-High Temperature Ceramic (UHTC) Composites Exposed to Supersonic Air Plasma. 2004 1. 

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