Superimposable images

On further increasing T to 2, 4 and 6, the complexity of the flow becomes more pronounced (see Figure 1.21) [28]. First, the particles wander around the superimposed image. Then, particles stray further away from the regular path and sample most of the cell s area. Chaotic advection is now present. 

Chiral compound. A compoimd that can exist in two forms that are non-superimposable images of one another. 

A chiral molecule and its non-superimposable image are called enantiomers. So isomers that are mirror images of each other are enantiomers. For molecules to have enantiomers, their structure must be asymmetrical. The simplest asymmetrical molecule is the tetrahedrally bonded carbon atom with four different types of atoms or groups attached to it. These kinds of carbon atoms are called asymmetric or chiral carbon atoms and the molecules are called chiral molecules. Some compounds may occur in nature with both enantiomers present. For example, lactic acid can be found in nature this way. 

A chiral molecule and its non-superimposable image are called enantiomers. 

Fig. 3 Application of rDEP to size-based separation of 3 pm and 1 pm particles in a microfluidic reservoir snapshot image (lef() and superimposed image (right). The applied electric field is 5 kV/m DC plus 95 kV/m AC with an AC to DC field ratio, a = 19. The block arrow indicates the particle moving direction (The images are adapted from [2] with permission)...

Reservoir-Based Dielectrophoresis, Fig. 4 Application of rDEP to charge-based separation of 3 pm fluorescent and nonfluorescent particles in a microfluidic reservoir snapshot image of both types of particles (a) and superimposed images of fluorescent (bl) and... 

Bright field, confocal and superimposed images of live human ovarian carcinoma cells (0VCAR3, top row) and human colonic adenocarcinoma cells (HT29, bottom row), with PEI/NaYF4 nanoparticles attached. The nanoparticles were surface modified with folic acid. 

Bright-field image Pseudo-color image Superimposed image... 

When fields of different spectral distributions can be adjusted in relative radiance to eliminate all color difference, the result is termed a metameric color match. In a color-matching experiment, a test field is presented next to a comparison field and the observer causes the two fields to match exactly by manipulating the radiances of so-called primaries provided to the comparison field. Such primaries are said to be added this can be accomplished by superposition with a half-silvered mirror, by superimposed images projected onto a screen, by veiy rapid temporal alternation of fields at a rate above the fusion frequency for vision, or by the use of pixels too small and closely packed to be discriminated (as in color television). If the primaries are suitably chosen (no one of them shonldbe matched by ai possible mixture of the other two), a human observer with normal color vision can uniqnely match atty test color by adjusting the radiances of three monochromatic primaries. To accomplish this, it sometimes proves necessary to shift one of the primaries so that it is added to the color being matched it is useful to treat this as a negative radiance of that primary in the test field. The choice of exactly three primaries is by no means arbitrary If only one or two primaries are used, matches are generally impossible, whereas if four or more primaries are allowed, matches are not uniquely determined. 

Figure 23 Snapshots (colored images) of a polymer chain with a length of 4.7 pm in a polymer matrix with a concentration of 2 mg ml" at different times and (on the right) corresponding superimposed images (black and white) of the images left of it.

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