Superfluid-insulator transitions

Having considered several examples of magnetic quantum phase transitions, we now turn to the superfluid-insulator transition in many-boson systems. In the section on Classical Monte Carlo Approaches we discussed how the universal critical behavior of this transition can be determined by mapping the Bose-Hubbard model, Eq. [32], onto the classical (d -I-1)-dimensional link current Hamiltonian, Eq. [35], which can then be simulated using classical Monte Carlo methods. 

To provide quantitative predictions about how to detect the superfluid-insulator transition in these experiments, Kashurnikov, Prokofev and Svistunov performed quantum Monte Carlo simulations of the singleparticle density matrix p,y = (I I /). They used the Bose-Hubbard model with harmonic confining potential and carried out world-line Monte Carlo simulations with the continuous-time Worm algorithm. The diagonal elements of the density matrix provide the real-space particle density, and... 

Figure 15 Superfluid-insulator transition in an optical lattice Single-particle momentum distribution. Panels (a)-(f) correspond to the systems shown in Figure 14. (Taken with permission from Ref. 111.)...

System (f) again displays the fine structure associate with the appearance of an insulating domain in the second shell. These quantitative results can be used to identify the superfluid-insulator transition in experiments. 

Revealing the Superfluid-Mott-Insulator Transition in an Optical Lattice. 

Properties that bulk materials never show merge at the nanoscale such as conductor-insulator transition, dilute magnetism, Dirac-Fermi polarons, catalytic conversion and enhancement, superhydrophobicity, superfluidity, super lubricity, and supersolidity. 

Polarization happens at sites with even lower atomic CN, which gives rise to the non-zero spin (carrier of topologic insulator), conductor-insulator transition, surface plasmonic enhancement, and the superhydrophobicity, superfluidity, superlubricity, and supersolidity. 

The small effective mass of unpaired atoms allows us to cool them to temperatures higher than that corresponding to the bottom of the diatomic band. The price is, however, that most of the atoms are discarded and only a small fraction of cl/periodic potential is a sparse-lattice analogy of the transition from Mott-insulator to a superfluid state in the fully occupied lattice, recently observed in Ref. [Greiner 2002],... 

M. Greiner, O. Mandel, T. EssUnger, T.W Hansch, I. Bloch, Quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator in a gas of ultracold atoms. Nature 415(6867), 39-44 (2(X)2). doi 10.1038/415039a... 

Greiner, M., Mandel, O., Esslinger, T., Hansch, T.W., and Bloch, L, Quantum phase Transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator in a gas of ullracold atoms. Nature, 415, 39, 2002. 

Quantum Phase Transition from a Superfluid to a Mott Insulator in a Gas of Ultracold Atoms. 

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