Supercritical fluid technologies antisolvents

A number of techniques are based on supercritical fluid technology. Three are of particular pharmaceutical interest, namely the supercritical antisolvent (SAS) system, the rapid expansion of supercritical solution (RESS) method, and the gas antisolvent (GAS) technique [126]. 

Mukhopadhyay M, Dalvi SV. Solid solubility prediction from partial molar volume fraction of solvent in antisolvent-solvent mixture. Proceedings of Super Green-2002, 1st International S5mposium on Supercritical Fluid Technology for Energy and Environmental Applications, Suwon, Korea, Nov. 3-6, 2002. 

Kompella UB, Koushik K. Preparation of drug delivery systems using supercritical fluid technology. Crit Rev Ther Drug 2001 18 173-199. Reverchon E. Supercritical antisolvent precipitation of micro- and nanoparticles. J Supercrit Fluid 1999 15 1-21. 

A new approach in the 1990s was to use supercritical fluid technology to produce uniform particles to replace crystallization. Even though super critical fluids were discovered over 100 years ago, and the commercial plant was built over 20 years ago in the United States, it is only now that the technology is used for a number of pharmaceutical applications (2-5), so as to produce aspirin, caffeine, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, etc. One of the major areas on which the research and development of supercritical fluids is focused is particle design. There are different concepts such as rapid expansion of supercritical solution, gas antisolvent recrystallization, and supercritical antisolvent to generate particles, microspheres, microcapsules, liposomes, or other dispersed materials. 

The supercritical fluid mefhod is a relafively new method, which can minimize the use of organic solvents and harsh manufacturing conditions taking advantage of two distinctive properties of supercritical fluids (i.e., high compressibility and liquid-like density). This method can be broadly divided into two parts rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS), which utilizes the supercritical fluid (e.g., carbon dioxide) as a solvent for the polymer, " and supercritical antisolvent crystallization (SAS), using the fluid as an antisolvent that causes polymer precipitation. Recent reviews of the supercritical technology for particle production are available in the literature. ... 

Gallagher PM, Colfey MP, Krukonis VJ, Klasutis N. Gas antisolvent recrystallization new process to recrystallize compounds insoluble in supercritical fluids. In Penniger JML, ed. Supercritical Fluid Science and Technology. ACS Symposium Series 406. Washington, DC American Chemical Society, 1989 334-354. 

Gallagher PM, Coffey MP, Krukonis VJ, Klasutis N. Gas anti-solvent recrystallization new process to recrystallize compounds insoluble in supercritical fluids. In Johnston KP, Penniger JML, eds. Supercritical Fluid Science and Technology. Washington, DC American Chemical Society, 1989 334-354. Dixon D, Johnston KP, Bodmeier R. Polymeric materials formed by precipitation with a compressed fluid antisolvent. AIChE J 1993 39 127-136. Chattopadhyay P, Gupta RB. Production of griseofulvin nanoparticles using supercritical CO2 antisolvent with enhanced mass transfer. Int J Pharm 2001 228 19-31. 

Gallagher, P.M., Coffey, M.P., Knikonis, V.J. and Klasutis, N. (1989) Gas Antisolvent Recrystallization New Process to Recrystallize Compounds Insoluble in Supercritical Fluids, in Supercritical Science and Technology, ACS Symposium Series 406, Johnston, K.P., Penninger, J.M.L., Eds., American Chemical Society Washington D.C., pp. 334-354. 

Carpet Waste Using a Supercritical Fluid Antisolvent Technique , Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, Vol.38, No. 3,411—432. 

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