Supercritical carbon dioxide polymerization

E Dada, W Lau, RE Merritt, YH Paik, G Swift Synthesis of poly(acryUc acid)s in supercritical carbon-dioxide. Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering, Proceedings of the ACS Division of Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 74, 1996, p. 427. 

Xu, A., Zhao, J., Yuan, W. Z., Li, H., Zhang, H., Wang, L., Zhang, Y, Tetrafluoroethylene copolymers with sulfonyl fluoride pendants Syntheses in supercritical carbon dioxide, polymerization behaviors, and properties. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2011, 212 (14), 1497-1509. 

Polymerization of methyl methacrylate in supercritical carbon dioxide with PDMS based stabilizers A study on the effect of stabilizer anchor groups... 

Kennedy, K. A., Roberts, G. W. and DeSimone, J. M. Heterogeneous Polymerization of Fluo-roolefins in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Vol. 175, pp. 329-346. 

The only ceramic membranes of which results are published, are tubular microporous silica membranes provided by ECN (Petten, The Netherlands).[10] The membrane consists of several support layers of a- and y-alumina, and the selective top layer at the outer wall of the tube is made of amorphous silica (Figure 4.10).[24] The pore size lies between 0.5 and 0.8 nm. The membranes were used in homogeneous catalysis in supercritical carbon dioxide (see paragraph 4.6.1). No details about solvent and temperature influences are given but it is expected that these are less important than in the case of polymeric membranes. 

De Simone et al. synthesized poly(fluoroalkyl acrylate)-based block copolymers for use as lipophilic/C02-philic surfactants for carbon dioxide applications [181]. The particle diameter and distribution of sizes during dispersion polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide were shown to be dependent on the nature of the stabilizing block copolymer [182]. 

Z. Guan, Homogeneous free radical polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide, University of... 

In recent years, attempts have been made to make use of the advantages of the supercritical carbon dioxide in chemical reactions. The first technical examples concerning the use of carbon dioxide in a pilot-plant scale chemical reaction were heterogeneous catalyzed hydrogenation and radical polymerization [38-42]. Meanwhile, hydrogenation reactions have been scaled up in a 1000 t/a commercial multipurpose plant. 

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