Super AD-mix

Scheme 19. Reagents and Conditions (i) Immobilised poly-(D)-leucine, urea hydrogen peroxide, DBU, THF, 90%, 95% e.e. (ii) MeCuCNLi, THF, 30%. (iii) super AD mix p, 57%. (iv) base...

In contrast, use of a super AD mix showed excellent levels of diastereo-selectivity, such that diol 30 was obtained in a ratio of 38 1 and diolester 32 in a ratio of 15 1 (when using AD mix p). Use of AD mix a gave the expected (opposite) stereoselectivity. 

Mixed disorder of acid-base pbysioiogy This expression is used with two different meanings. Some authors use it to indicate the co-existence of two primary abnormalities, e.g. respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis. Others use it as a synonym for compensated , when a primary disorder is accompanied by a super-added physiological response, e.g. compensated respiratory acidosis, when the primary disorder is acidosis and the renal compensation adds a physiological metabolic alkalosis. 

This mixture was heated for 1 min to 95 °C and was then immediately incubated on ice. Then 10 pL 5x RT buffer, 2pL DTT (100 mM), 4pL dNTP-mix (4mM of each clNTP), and 1 j lL Super Script1 II reverse transcriptase (200 U pL 1) was added. Reverse transcription was performed for lh at 42 °C. This mixture was subsequently used in the PCR (see above). After round 11, several aptamers were isolated and identified by cloning and sequencing [28]. 

Various schemes have been developed for the classification of protein three-dimensional structures. One common scheme is the classification based on the four tertiary super classes, namely, all a (proteins having mainly a-helix secondary structure), all P (mainly P-sheet secondary structure), a+p (segment of a-helices followed by segment of P-sheets), and o/p (alternating or mixed a-helix and P-sheet segments) (Levitt, 1976). A fifth class is often added to account for globular proteins with irregular secondary... 

For many applications, the basis sequence can be iteratively constructed from simplw tarting sequences (Tyko, 1990). MLEV-4-type super cycles RRRR or RRRR (Levitt et al., 1983) are examples of simple iterative schemes for the construction of basis sequences with vanishing effective fields from a starting sequence R, which is a (approximate) composite inversion pulse R. Here, the composite pulse R is identical to R, except that the phases of all square pulses are shifted by 180°. The MLEV-16 super cycle RRRR RRRR RRRR RRRR (Levitt et al., 1983) suppresses effective fields even better. MLEV-4- and MLEV-16-type supercycles are often used in the construction of broadband Hartmann-Hahn mixing sequences. In these sequences, an effective spin-lock field can be introduced by adding an uncompensated additional pulse after each complete supercycle (see Section X). 

The effect of the addition of metallic lead and copper powders on super-rate burning is shown in Fig. 6-24. Pb powder is more effective than Cu powder in increasing the burning rate. When these powders are mixed into the noncatalyzed propellant, there is no drastic burning rate increase, i.e., no super-rate burning is observed. However, when PbO powder (1 %) is added, the burning rate is increased approximately 250 %, i.e., there is super-rate burning. 

Lastly, we have determined that in addition to polymer structure, the addition order of materials, such as polymer, surfactant and salt, to a formulation affects the compositional range of coacervate formation and the coacervation mechanism. Depending on the flexibility of the polymer structure, the mechanisms of coacervation in the presence of added electrolyte can vary. Poly (4-vinyl pyridine)-LAS-NaCl systems show a polymer collapse mechanism with the formation of a super-salt when salt and polymer are pre-mbced. However, for the stiff cellulosic polymers, the pre-mixing of salt and polymer before surfactant addition enhances micelle-bridging without complete polymer collapse. Also, the addition... 

In soap bar processing free fatty acid is usually added in formulations to create so-called super-fatted soap. An acid-soap complex with a fixed stoichiometric ratio between alkaline soap and the fatty acid is formed. For example, the ratio of potassium acid soap is 1 1 while sodium soap forms acid soaps with various ratios. The fixed ratio complex exits not only in anhydrous crystalline phase but also in a hydrous liquid crystalline phase (11, 12). Oleic acid and its potassium soap form a 1 1 complex acid soap when equal molar acid and soap are mixed. Above the Krafft boundary, the acid soap in water forms a lamellar liquid crystal phase at low surfactant concentration, from a few percent, and the lamellar liquid crystal phase extends to ca 60% surfactant concentration. A hexagonal liquid crystal phase is formed after the lamellar liquid crystal phase with further increasing the surfactant concentration. This phase behavior is different from the soap and water phase behavior, in which the hexagonal liquid crystalline phase is formed first followed by the lamellar liquid crystalline phase. Below the Krafft boundary the acid soap complex forms a solid crystal and separates from water (4). 

Mixed Soap Crystals in Super-Fatted Formulations A small quantity of fatty acid, usually less than 10%, is added to normal soap to produce a super fatted soap. The fatty acid is added to the soap phase at temperatures above the fatty acid melting point and new solid crystalline and liquid crystalline phases are formed on cooling. 

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