Summation of Losses

The total effective cell voltage after the losses is given by 

It should be noted that the crossover current is very small for high-temperature fuel cells and then Eq. (2.49) is given by  

There is an alternative approach to obtain the effective voltage. The total polarisation can also be summed up for the fuel cell. Usually, the total polarisation is predominantiy due to concentration losses and activation losses i.e.. 

The polarisation will lead to the change in electrode potential as follows 

For the anode, the potential increases whereas the cathode potential shows a decrease. The cell voltage consists of anode and cathode potentials along with ohmic polarisation, i.e., 

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The three-functions-rule was derived from a most general argument by SNA on the relationship between autocataly tic orders and summations of loss processes... 

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