Summary of Ether Chemistry

Epoxides, summary of chemistry, 290 Equatorial bond, 168 Equilibrium and free energy, 36 Equivalent H s, 50 Erythro form, 82, 85 Esters, formation, 338 inorganic, 262, 272, 276 reduction, 261 Ethers, cleavage, 282 crown, 286 cyclic, 285 silyl, 286... 

Perkin condensation. 392 Peroxides in ethers, 284 Phase transfer catalyst, 128 Phenanthrene, 198 Phenetole, 278, 431 Phenolphthalein. 444 Phenols, acidity of, 433 summary of chemistry. 441 Phenylhydrazine, 315 Phosgene, 4, 369 Phthalic acid, 343 Phthalimide. 403 Pi bond, 15 Picoline, 454, 457 Picric acid, 432... 

Carbohydrate chemistry contains many examples of intramolecular migration of substituent groups. The largest number of these involve acyl groups, but migrations in phosphoric esters, and certain ethers have also been reported. Surprisingly, the topic has not been the subject of a comprehensive review, but there are several useful summaries thereof.539-542 In this Section, mainly those examples that have... 

In summary, although copolymerizations of many cyclic ethers and cyclic sulphides have been reported, really meaningful determination of the kinetic parameters is still in its infancy. These studies are still at the stage where it is most important to recall the precept reiterated recently by Plesch [8] First the Chemistry, then the Kinetics. ... 

The in situ procedure as proposed by Sonnet et al. (18) is much more attractive for synthetic applications. With the use of only a moderate excess of monopersulfate (C=C KHSO5 = l 2-2.4), they achieved an 80% yield for the epoxidation of oleic acid methyl ester and 81-96% for the epoxidation of various plant oils. It is a twophase reaction with a crown-ether as phase-transfer catalyst yet a considerable amount of inorganic waste (six times the weight of the product) is produced. In a recent work (21), the phase-transfer catalyst was replaced by acetonitrile as a polar solvent. In summary, epoxidation by dioxiranes is a promising new method for oleo-chemistry, especially because it also works in combination with metal catalysts to influence diastereoselectivity (22) an enantioselective epoxidation with sugardioxiranes has also been reported (23). 

---