Summary of concepts in organic functionalization

Furthermore, the organic functionalization studies have indicated that multiple reaction products can form even for simple systems. Kinetic and thermodynamic influences must be considered in any analysis of the product distribution. Moreover, the studies have revealed differences in the dominance of kinetic vs. thermodynamic control between the silicon and germanium surfaces. The dissimilarity primarily stems from the fact that adsorbate bonds are usually weaker on Ge than on Si. This difference in energetics leads to observable differences in the degree of selectivity that can be achieved on the two surfaces. Another important motif is the significance of interdimer bonding in the products. Many molecules, even as small as ethylene, have been observed to form products that bridge across two dimers. Consequently, each analysis of adsorption products should include consideration of interdimer as well as intradimer species. 

Finally, the level of understanding of the behavior of silicon and germanium surfaces toward organic reagents has increased substantially over the past decade. This understanding, in turn, will enable the next generation of studies, in which organic functionalization can be achieved selectively and controllably for a variety of new applications. 

The author expresses appreciation for the many fruitful interactions with students and colleagues that contributed greatly to this review. This Chapter builds upon previous review articles written by the author and two very talented coauthors, Dr. Michael Filler and Paul Loscutoff. SFB is indebted to both of them for their contributions. The National Science Foundation (Grants CHE 0245260 and CHE 0615087) is gratefully acknowledged for financial support that made this review possible. 

Surface oxidation states of germanium. Surface Science 172, 455-65 (1986). 

Precursor mediated cycloaddition reaction of ethylene to the Si(100)c(4 x 2) surface. Journal of the American Chemical Society 126, 9922 (2004). 

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