Sulfur dioxide by hydrogen peroxide

Hoffmann, M. R. and Edwards, J. 0. "Kinetics and Mechanism of the Oxidation of Sulfur Dioxide by Hydrogen Peroxide in Acidic Solution," J. Phys. Chem. 1975, 7, 2096-2098. 

Martin, L. R., and D. E. Damschen (1981). Aqueous oxidation of sulfur dioxide by hydrogen peroxide at low pH. Atmos. Environ. 15, 1617-1622. 

McArdle, J. V. and M. R. Hoffmann (1983) Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of aquated sulfur dioxide by hydrogen peroxide. Journal of Physical Chemistry 87, 5425-5429... 

McArdle, J.V., Hoffmann, M.R. Kinetic and mechanism of oxidation of aquated sulfur dioxide by hydrogen peroxide at low pH. J. Phys. Chem. 87, 5425-5429 (1983)... 

With the double contact process it is unnecessary to purify the tail gases to reduce their sulfur dioxide content still further, whereas tail gases from single contact plants have to be purified. This can be realized either by scrubbing with ammonia or with an aqueous solution of sodium sulfite and sodium hydrogen sulfite (Wellman-Lord process), absorption on activated charcoal (sulfacid process from Lurgi) or by oxidative gas purification such as in the peracidox process (oxidation of sulfur dioxide with hydrogen peroxide or peroxomonosulfuric acid). 

Haider SS, Hasan M. 1984. Neurochemical changes by inhalation of environmental pollutants sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide Degradation of total lipids, elevation of lipid peroxidation and enzyme activity in discrete regions of the guinea pig brain and spinal cord. Ind Health 22 23-31. 

Bipositive polonium in hydrochloric acid solution (pink) is oxidized to polonium(lV) by hydrogen peroxide, by hypochlorous acid or by the radiolysis products of the alpha bombardment of the solvent. Solutions of polonium(II) in acid are obtained by the reduction of polonium(lV) with sulfur dioxide or hydrazine in the cold, or with arsenious oxide on warming. Polonium (IV) is not reduced in hydrochloric acid by either hydroxylamine or oxalic acid, even on boiling 6). 

The production of industrially important perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids is generally accomplished by electrochemical fluorination. This method of preparation remains expensive and proceeds in good yields only for short hydrocarbon chains.30 Recently however, Wakselman and Tordeux have described a chemical method for the preparation of trifluoromethane sulfonic acid.31 The procedure involves reaction of a metal selected from zinc, cadmium, manganese, and aluminum with sulfur dioxide in DMF, followed by the introduction of trifluoromethyl bromide under slight pressure. The intermediate sulfinate is subsequently oxidized by hydrogen peroxide, and then hydrolyzed which leads to formation of the trifluoromethane sulfonic acid. Successful extension of the sulfination process to the modification of PCTFE should result in the formation of a sulfinated polymer which can ultimately be oxidized to give a sulfonic-acid modified polymer. 

Derivatives of phosphonic acids, RP==O(0H)2, can be prepared by several different oxidative methods. Primary phosphines RPH2 are oxidized to phosphonic acids by hydrogen peroxide or by sulfur dioxide thus, phenylphosphine gave benzenephosphonic acid (96%) on reaction with sulfur dioxide at room temperature in a sealed tube. Phosphinic acids, RI sO(OH)H, can also be oxidized to the corresponding phosphonic acids with hydrogen peroxide. Ozone oxidized the dioxaphosphorane (54) to the phosphonic ester in 73% yield. Ozone is also capable of stereospecific oxidation of phosphite esters to phosphates. For example, the cyclic phosphite (SS) was oxidized to the phosphate (56) with retention of configuration. Peroxy acids and selenium dioxide are other common oxidants for phosphite esters. 

Aminopyrazine was oxidized by hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid at 20° to 3-aminopyrazine 1 -oxide and at 50° for 15 hours to 2-aininopyrazine 1,4-dioxide (51%) (also obtained by similar oxidation of 3-aminopyrazine 1-oxide) (1189). m-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid was also used for the oxidation of 2-aminopyrazine to its 1-oxide (1258). The following aminopyrazine TV-oxides have been prepared by oxidation (reagent and conditions) 2-amino-3-methoxycarbonylpyrazine 1-oxide (m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid in chloroform at reflux) (880, 1222) 2-amino-5-chloro-3-methoxycarbonyl(and methylcarbamoyl)pyrazine 1-oxide (m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid in chloroform at reflux) (1222) 2-amino-5-bromo-3-methoxycarbonylpyrazine 1-oxide (wperoxyacetic acid) (906) 2-amino-3-bromo-5,6-dimethylpyrazine 1-oxide (peroxyacetic acid) (907) and 2,3-bis(pyridin-2 -yl)pyrazine 1,4-dioxide (hydrogen peroxide in sulfuric acid at room temperature) (754). 

Nupharidine can be reduced with sulfur dioxide or hydrogen iodide to deoxynupharidine, which can be reconverted to the former alkaloid by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide. Consequently nupharidine is an... 

The reaction has also been realized in the gas phase with sulfur being generated by mixing sulfur dioxide with hydrogen sulfide.27,28 This method seems to be very efficient for the preparation of aromatic and aliphatic compounds as well as the unsubstituted l,2-dithiole-3-thione. More complex l,2-dithiole-3-thiones such as 17 have also been prepared.28 4-Neopentyl-5-t-butyl-l,2-dithiole-3-thione has been prepared from triisobutylene and sulfur.29 1-Phenyl-1-propene does not give a simple thione in the reaction with sulfur, but thiol 18. The yield was raised by the presence of hydrogen sulfide and benzoyl peroxide.30... 

It has been shown recently that a hydroxyl radical may partition from the gaseous to the aqueous phase, or may be formed directly in the aqueous phase, and there effect the oxidation of sulfur dioxide. Sulfur dioxide can also be oxidized inside raindrops by hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, which is a minor atmospheric species formed principally by the disproportionation of HO2 radicals... 

Hoffmann, M. R. (1977) Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of hydrogen sulphide by hydrogen peroxide in acidic solution. Environmental Science and Technology 11, 61-66 Hoffmann, M. R. (1986) On the kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of aquated sulfur dioxide by ozone. Atmospheric Environment 20, 1145-1154 Hoffmann, M. R. (1990) Catalysis in aquatic environment. In Aquatic chemical kinetics (Ed. 

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