Sulfur-containing phosphorus halides

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) tests were conducted on surfaces lubricated with a sulfur-containing extreme pressure additive, dibenzyl sulfide (Baldwin, 1976 Bird and Galvin, 1976). The films can arise from the use of additives that contain sulfur, phosphorus, chlorine, bromine, or boron and the differences in reactivity are affected by the formation of protective layers. Triboinduced electrons are said to activate the formation of iron halides, iron phosphates and iron sulfides (Dorison and Ludema, 1985 Grunberg, 1966 Kajdas, 2001 McFadden et al., 1998 ). When a chemical reaction takes place, e.g., oxygen interacts with aluminum to form aluminum oxide, a large oxygen peak is seen at approximately 500 eV in the Auger electron spectra (Benndorf et al., 1977 Nakayama et al., 1995). 

Most of the complexes of germanium, tin, and lead in the IV oxidation state contain halide ions or donor ligands that are oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, or phosphorus compounds. 

Four- and eight-membered heterocycles containing phos-phorus(in), nitrogen and sulfur(VI) have been obtained by reacting phosphorus halides with dialkylsulfamide 02S(NHR )2 (Scheme 59). ... 

Flame atomic emission spectroscopy, also called flame photometry, is based on the measurement of the emission spectrum produced when a solution containing metals or some nonmetals such as halides, sulfur, or phosphorus is introduced into a flame. In early experiments, the detector used was the analyst s eye. Those elements that emitted visible light could be identified qualitatively, and these flame tests were used to confirm the presence of certain elements in the sample, particularly alkali metals and alkaline-earth metals. A list of visible colors emitted by elements in a flame is given in Table 7.1. 

Inorganic anions The predominant anionic species determined in foodstuffs are once again the nitrogen-, sulfur-, and phosphorus-containing species, as well as the halide ions. Table 2 lists some inorganic anions and some of the foodstuffs that have been analyzed for these anions using IC. 

A-Phosphorylated imidazoles and benzimidazoles can be made by direct phosphorylation by halides, esters, amides, amidoesters, isocyanates, and thiocyanates of phosphorus-containing acids, or from reaction of phosphonic or phosphinic imidazolides with a sulfonic acid or anhydride <82CB1636>. Stable charge transfer complexes are produced when a 1 1 or 1 2 ratio of imidazole (or benzimidazole) and sulfur trioxide are refluxed in ether, dioxane, THE, or 1,2-dichloroethane. These complexes are stable on storage in the absence of water and have sharp melting points. Indeed, the benzimidazole SO3 complex must be boiled for five hours in water to decompose it. On fusion, the complexes form the C-sulfonic acids (see Section 3.02.5.3.3) <87CHE1084>. Sulfonyl chlorides readily A-sulfonate imidazoles <94JMC332>. 

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