Sulfa drugs Sulfamethazine

The photolysis of a class of sulfa drugs containing six-membered heterocyclic substituents (sulfamethazine, sulfamerazine, sulfadiazine, sulfachloropyridazine, and sulfadimethoxine) was investigated by Boreen et al. (2005) in natural lake water and in deionized water. The general structures of the sulfa drugs are presented in Table 16.5. The natural water (Lake Josephna, St. Paul, Minnesota) is characterized by pH 8 and 0.2pm filtered DOC of 5.9mg/L. 

Fig. 16.17 Representative plot of the behavior of sulfa drugs obtained from photolysis on a turntable apparatus, under four Pyrex-filtered 175-W medium-pressure Hg-vapor lamps. Photodegradation of sulfamethazine in deionized H O ( ) and enhanced photodegradation in natural lake water ( ). Reprinted with permission from Boreen AL, Arnold WA, McNeil K (2005) Triplet-sensitized photodegradation of sulfa drugs containing six-membered heterocyclic groups identification of an S02 extrusion photoproduct. Environ Sci Technol 39 3630-3638. Copyright 2005 American Chemical Society...

Figure 23.10. DD-SFC/FT-IR chromatogram of the separation of five sulfa drugs (sulfamethoxazole, sulfapyrazine, sulfamethazine, sulfanilamidoquinoxaline, and A -(p-methoxybenzoyl)sulfamethazine constructed from the integrated absorbance between 1800 and 1640 cm for column temperatures of 70, 90, and 110°C. For each chromatogram, the pressure was held at 3000 psi ( 200atm) for 10 min and then ramped at 200 psi per minute to a final pressure of 7500 psi. (Reproduced from [48], by permission of Elsevier Publishing Co. copyright 1997.)...

The sulfonamide class of antibiotics is generally used for the treatment of urinary tract infections, chronic bronchitis and other bacterial infections [16]. The electroanalysis of three sulfa drugs, sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine and sulfamethazine at BDD thin film electrodes was first reported by Rao et al. [I7l. Cyclic voltammetry, flow injection analysis and liquid chromatography with... 

Trisulfa -pyrimidines (Triple Sulfas) Therapeutic doses of sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine or sulfamethazine alone are likely to precipitate in the urine due to poor solubility. When the three drugs are combined (each at 1/3 of its therapeutic dose) the antimicrobial effects are additive but the urine solubility is independent. Thus a full" therapeutic dose of combined sulfonamides is delivered but the concentration of each is below the threshold required for precipitation. 

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