Sugar Alcohols Polyalcohols

Sugar alcohols serve as sweetening agents for diabetics and are used as sugar substitutes in sugar-free candies and confectionery. Candies, bread and cakes contain these alcohols as moisturizers and softeners. Table 19.8 shows data on their use. Sugar alcohols have a low physiological calorific value. 

L-Sorbose can be formed from glucose via sorbitol. Sorbitol is oxidized by Acetobacter 

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Cyclic polyalcohols (or cyclitols , according to the nomenclature of sugar alcohols) also exhibit a very low affinity. The most important representative of this class of compounds is inositol,... 

Polyalcohols such as carbohydrates, sugar alcohols, or glycerol are well known to stabilize proteins [93,94] as well as inactive proteins (bovine seram albumin) and polymers which have a certain structural resemblance to that of water (e.g., polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, and derivatives thereof). 

Method for Preparii Esters of Polyalcohols (Sugar Alcohols)... 

The modifiers are alcohols, carboxylic acids, silanols, sugars, polyalcohols, polyvinylpyrrolidone, surfactants, silica, alumina, etc. 

Fig. 2.3 Hydrosols via modification of the Al-organic protective shell. As modifiers can be used e.g. alcohols, carbonic acids, silanols, sugars, polyalcohols, polyvinylpyrrolidone, surfactants, silica, alumina. Advantages Tailoring of the dispersion in lipophilic and/or hydrophilic solvents (e.g. water) Anchoring onto surfaces via d-bonds.

Since boric acid forms stable complexes with polyhydroxy aliphatic compounds such as glycols and polyalcohols, these common compounds might be expected to have some effect on silica apparently they do, not. Richardson (199) examined nine sugars and seven polyhydric alcohols, and found no influence on solubility. For some unexplained reason he found glycine-to,retard the rate of dissolution of quartz by 10-20%. ... 

Sugars differ from the polyalcohols from which they are theoretically derived in that one of the alcohol groups is oxidized to a carbonyl group. Thus removal of two H atoms from glycerol results in either an aldehyde or a ketone according to the position of the carbonyl group formed as shown below ... 

P. exhibit the typical chemical properties of other reducing sugars (hexoses) oxidation to the salts of the corresponding acids or their lactones, reduction to polyalcohols (pentites), substitution of the alcoholic groups by esters or ethers, dehydration splitting (water elimination) to ftirfural, fermentation by microorganisms. 

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