Substrate surface temperatures

For tungsten and molybdenum carbides, an increase in substrate surface temperature leads to an increase of the lattice parameter of the film as a result of the increase in carbon concentration. The concentration seems to reach a maximum close to 50 mol% for 500 K in the Mo-C system and 700 K in the W-C system. At these temperatures, the respective M2C phase appears (Table 14.2). Figure 14.2 shows a plot of the carbon concentration (determined by AES) as a function of the substrate temperature. An opposite behaviour was observed for the nitrogen concentration in Mo-N films. Figure 14.3 shows that the N concentration in the a-MoN, phase (fee) decreased with substrate temperature.11 The phase domains were determined by X-ray and electron diffraction. No nitrogen was detected by AES in the Mo bee phase. No significant effect of temperature was observed on W-N films and Cr-N films. 

During fuser-roll resist lamination processes, the copper-clad FR- substrate surface temperature was found to be inversely proportional to the substrate thickness. This temperature fluctuation has resulted in changes of adhesive forces in the copper/resist interface which in turn can affect the yield in the printed circuit manufacturing processes. By using infrared preheat... 

Table VIII shows the change in deposition rate for the Keystone coal at a furnace temperature of 1500°C for two steel substrate surface temperatures. When the substrate temperature was increased from 310 to 340°C the deposition rate grew ten times.

Table VIII. Deposit Furnace Mass and Relative Build-Up Rates for Keystone Coal at a Furnace Temperature of 1500°C at Two Different Substrate Surface Temperatures (Deposition Zone Gas Temperature,...

Thermodynamics calculations reveal that, in the absence of a plasma, SiC (as opposed to diamond or graphite) is the only stable phase expected on a heated Si substrate under conditions of 0.3 vol.% CH4 in H2, 30 ton-pressure, and 1000°C substrate surface temperature. 

When evaluating the weather resistance of plastics, the surface temperature of exposed specimens should be considered. It is dependent on the intensity of radiation absorbed by the specimen, by ambient temperature, air-current conditions as well as by the distance of specimen from the substrate and by the nature of the substrate. Surface temperatures increase sharply as coloring varies from white to gray to black (see Table 2.10). Since oxidation is strongly temperature dependent, increased surface temperature will accelerate photooxidation progresses. 

Spray pyrolysis was used by Li et al. (1993) to prepare a Pd-Ag alloy membrane on the outer surface of a porous alumina hollow-fibre substrate using spray pyrolysis of a Pd (N03)2 and AgN03 solution in an Hj-Oj flame. The mass fraction of silver in the membrane obtained at a substrate-surface temperature of 967-1067°C was as low as 0.04, while its fraction in the total metal mass dissolved in the spray solution was 0.1-0.4. This is explained by the higher partial pressure of Ag compared to that of Pd. An additional spray pyrolysis with a silver nitrate solution provided a proper silver content in the alloy membrane. The thickness of the alloy membrane was 1.5-2.0 mi, and the separation factor of hydrogen to nitrogen was about 24 at 500°C. The membrane surface was observed by high-resolution SEM, and the evolution of the morphology was discussed from the view of the deposition mechanism. 

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