Substituent groups named from parent hydrides

There are two methods for constructing substituent group names from parent hydride names ... 

Radicals and substituent groups derived from parent hydrides by removal of one or more hydrogen atoms are named by modifying the parent hydride name as follows ... 

The groups attached to the principal chain are called substituents, and these may be simple or complex. Simple substituents are formed directly from parent hydrides when a simple substituent is itself substituted, it becomes complex as a consequence. Normal alkyl groups are simple substituents branched alkyl groups are complex substituents. However, as exceptions the names isopropyl, isobutyl, jec-butyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl, tert-pentyl and neopentyl are taken to refer to simple substituents. 

Ending resulting from the change of the ane ending in names of parent hydrides to form prefixes denoting bridging divalent substituent groups, e.g. diazano, —HNNH—. 

Substituent groups (or substituents), considered as replacing hydrogen atoms in parent hydrides, are named using appropriate suffixes ( ol , thiol , peroxol , carboxylic acid , etc.) and prefixes ( hydroxy , phosphanyl , bromo , nitro , etc.). Substituent suffixes are ranked in Section P-43 of Ref. 1. Prefixes are extensively listed in Appendix 2 of Ref. 1. The case of substituents formed by removal of one or more hydrogen atoms from a parent hydride is explained briefly, with examples, in Section IR-6.4.7, and prefixes for many common inorganic substituents are included in Table IX. 

For polynuclear parent hydrides, numerical locants are often needed to specify the positions of substituent groups. If there are several equivalent numberings of the parent hydride skeletal atoms relative to the substituents after relevant mles from Section IR-6.2 have been applied, the numbering is chosen which leads to the lowest set of locants for the compound as a whole. If there is still a choice, lowest locants are assigned to the substituent cited first in the name. If all substitutable hydrogen atoms are replaced by the same substituent, the locants can be omitted, as in Example 20 below. 

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