Submerged aquatic vegetation

Kemp, W.M., W.R. Boynton, J.C. Stevenson, J.C. Means, R.R. Twilley, and T.W. Jones (eds.). 1983. Submerged Aquatic Vegetation in Upper Chesapeake Bay Studies Related to Possible Causes of the Recent Decline in Abundance. Final report submitted to U.S. Environ. Protection Agency, 2083 West Street, Annapolis, MD 21401. 331 pp. 

Cunningham, J.J., Kemp, W.M., Stevenson, J.C., Boynton, W.R., Means, J.C. (1981) Stress effects of agricultural herbicides on submerged macrophytes in estuarine microcosms, pp. 147-182. In Submerged aquatic vegetation in Chesapeake Bay. Annual Report to USEPA, UMCEES, Horn Point Environmental Laboratories, Cambridge, Maryland. 

Submergent aquatic vegetation (SAV) rooted vegetation that grows under water in shallow zones where light penetrates. 

Dennison, W.C., Orth, R.J., Moore, K.A., Stevenson, J.C., Careter, V., Kollar, S., Bergstrom, P.W., and Batiuk, R.A. (1993) Assessing water quality with submerged aquatic vegetation. Bioscience 43, 86-94. 

Duarte, C.M. (1995) Submerged aquatic vegetation in relation to different nutrient regimes. Ophelia 41, 87-112. 

Wyda, J.C., Deegan, L.A., Hughes, J.E., and Weaver, M.J. (2002) The response of fishes to submerged aquatic vegetation complexity in two ecoregions of the mid-Atlantic bight Buzzards Bay and Chesapeake Bay. Estuaries 25, 86-100. 

Orth R. J. and Moore K. A. (1983) Chesapeake Bay an unprecedented decline in submerged aquatic vegetation. Science 222, 51-53. 

Pant, H.K., Reddy, K.R. and Dierberg, F.E. (2002) Bioavailability of organic phosphorus in a submerged aquatic vegetation-dominated treatment wetland. Journal of Environmental Quality... 

Photosynthetic activity in the water column and pH Submerged aquatic vegetation and periphyton communities provide an ideal environment for pH alternation in the water column. 

Sensitive species of aquatic flora experience temporary adverse effects at concentrations as low as 1.0-5.0 p,g/L however, most authorities agree that potentially harmful levels, i.e., >10.0p,g/L for long periods, have not been documented and are probably unrealistic under current application protocols and degradation rates. The observed declines in submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay are not now directly attributable to atrazine use. Atrazine indirectly affects aquatic fauna at... 

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