Subject luminol

In this part of the chapter we will give a more detailed description of some highly efficient organic chemiluminescence systems, which occur with the involvement of peroxide intermediates. We have chosen to begin the subject with the well-known and widely applied luminol oxidation and will show that, even though this reaction has been exhaustively studied, several critical points in its mechanism remain unclear and are still the subject of... 

Methods based on chemiluminescent and bioluminescent labels are another area of nonisotopic immunoassays that continue to undergo active research. Most common approaches in this category are the competitive binding chemiluminescence immunoassays and the immunochemiluminometric assays. Chemiluminescence and heterogenous chemiluminescence immunoassays have been the subject of excellent reviews (91, 92). Detection in chemiluminescence immunoassays is based on either the direct monitoring of conjugated labels, such as luminol or acridinium ester, or the enzyme-mediated formation of luminescent products. Preparation of various derivatives of acridinium esters has been reported (93, 94), whereas a variety of enzyme labels including firefly or bacterial luciferase (70), horseradish peroxidase (86, 98), and alkaline phosphatase are commercially available. 

Luminol, lucigenin and MCLA were commercially obtained and L012 was from Takeda Chem. Ind. (Osaka, Japan). Male Wistar rats, 10-weeks-old were supplied from SLC (Shizuoka, Japan), housed under conventional conditions at 24 2 "C, and fed ad libitum. One group was subjected to starvation. Mitochondria were isolated from rat liver according to the method of Hogeboom using a medium containing 0.25 M sucrose, 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4) and 0.1 mM EDTA. EDTA was omitted in the final wash and the mitochondrial samples were suspended in... 

There are other uses for luminol besides murder investigations. In a car accident, luminol might reveal whether a victim was wearing a safety belt, even after the car has been subjected to rain, cold, or direct sunlight that can greatly alter bloodstains. 

The important phenomenon of chemiluminescence clearly falls within the scope of this chapter because the oxidation of luminol [5-amino-1,4(2H,31il)-phthalazi-nedione (8)] or related phthalazinones by hydrogen peroxide is commonly used to produce light in this way. However, the whole specialized subject, including the use of chemiluminescence in analysis and of biochemiluminescence in diagnostic... 

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