Subchondral bone defects

C. Hoemann, J. Sun, A. Chevrier, E. Rossomacha, G.-E. Rivard, M. Hurtig, et al., Chitosan-glycerol phosjhate/blood implants elicit hyaline cartilage repair integrated with porous subchondral bone in microdrilled rabbit defects, Osteoarthr. Cartil. 15 (2007) 78-89. 

Grade II - A partial-thickness defect with fissures on the surface that do not reach subchondral bone or exceed 1.5 cm in diameter Grade III - Fissuring to the level of subchondral bone in an area with a diameter more than 1.5 cm. 

Recently some biosynthetic composites have appeared, such as PCL/ periosteum composites for osteochondral defect repair. In vivo studies on cylindrical defects created in 10 rabbits showed that PCL-based biocomposites promote excellent subchondral bone regeneration. Research is currently focused on the synthesis of PCL composites, to combine the versatility of caprolactone together with the mechanical properties of other polymers. As poly(e-caprolactone) is another FDA-approved polymer, PCL-PLA copolymers are primary items of investigation. 

Patellar cartilage abnormalities can occasionally be detected with US on the medial facet of the patella and maybe related to lateral patellar dislocation. US can image an osteochondral fracture as a focal defect of cartilage and irregularity of the hyperechoic line representing the subchondral bone plate (Fig. 14.54). Although US can detect these changes, it should be... 

There is a defect in the subchondral region of the distal femur with partial or complete separation of the bone fragment which is most often seen on the postero-lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle (about 80% of cases), and less often seen on the posterior aspect of the lateral femoral condyle. It is more... 

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