Styrene oxid Styrenes

Table 21. Solvent dependence of coupling constants in styrene oxide, styrene sulfide and 2,2-dichlorocyclopropylbenzene...

SYNS EPOXYETHYLBENZENE (SCI) EPOXYSTYRENE 0,P-EPOXYSTYRENE NCI-C54977 PHENETHYLENE OXIDE l-PHENYL-1,2-EPOXYETHANE PHENYLETHYLENE OXIDE PHENYLOXIRANE 1-PHENYLOXIRANE 2-PHENYLOXIRANE STYRENE EPOXIDE STYRENE OXIDE STYRENE-7,8-OXIDE STYRYL OXIDE... 

Styrene/DVB resin, chloromethylated aminated. See Chloromethylated aminated styrene-divinylbenzene resin Styrene epoxide. See Styrene oxide Styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene block copolymer CAS 66070-58-4... 

Styrene-7,8-oxide. See Styrene oxide Styrene polymer. See Polystyrene Styrene polymer with 1,3 butadiene. See Styrene/butadiene polymer Styrene, polymerized. See Polystyrene Styrene/PVP copolymer CAS 25086-29-7... 

Styrene is manufactured by alkylating benzene with ethene followed by dehydrogenation, or from petroleum reformate coproduction with propylene oxide. Styrene is used almost exclusively for the manufacture of polymers, of which the most important are polystyrene, ABS plastics and styrene-butadiene rubber. U.S. production 1980 3 megatonnes. 

Ethylenic compounds when oxidised with perbenzoic acid or perphthalic acid in chloroform solution yield epoxides (or oxiranes). This Is sometimes known as the Prileschajew epoxidation reaction. Thus pyrene affords styrene oxide (or 2-plienyloxirane) ... 

The use of epoxides as alkylating agents for diethyl malonate provides a useful route to y lactones Wnte equations illustrating such a sequence for styrene oxide as the starting epoxide Is the lactone formed by this reaction 3 phenylbutanohde or is it 4 phenylbutanohde ... 

Polylphenylene oxide) Styrene-ethylene block copolymer... 

After epoxidation, propylene oxide, excess propylene, and propane are distilled overhead. Propane is purged from the process propylene is recycled to the epoxidation reactor. The bottoms Hquid is treated with a base, such as sodium hydroxide, to neutralize the acids. Acids in this stream cause dehydration of the 1-phenylethanol to styrene. The styrene readily polymerizes under these conditions (177—179). Neutralization, along with water washing, allows phase separation such that the salts and molybdenum catalyst remain in the aqueous phase (179). Dissolved organics in the aqueous phase ate further recovered by treatment with sulfuric acid and phase separation. The organic phase is then distilled to recover 1-phenylethanol overhead. The heavy bottoms are burned for fuel (180,181). 

Styrene undergoes many reactions of an unsaturated compound, such as addition, and of an aromatic compound, such as substitution (2,8). It reacts with various oxidising agents to form styrene oxide, ben2aldehyde, benzoic acid, and other oxygenated compounds. It reacts with benzene on an acidic catalyst to form diphenylethane. Further dehydrogenation of styrene to phenylacetylene is unfavorable even at the high temperature of 600°C, but a concentration of about 50 ppm of phenylacetylene is usually seen in the commercial styrene product. 

Catalytic hydrogenation of styrene oxide (86—99) is another process currendy used for the manufacture of PEA. The main requirements for this reaction are a low operating temperature to avoid side reactions and a good quaUty of styrene oxide [76-09-3] starting material. 

Microbiological Oxidation. Styrene [100-42-5] can be oxidized to PEA by aerobic cultuting with a Pseudomonas bacterium ia the appropriate medium (101). Eor a medium containing peptone, (NH 2 04, Na2HP04 12H20, KH2PO4, MgSO and com steep Hquor, the yield is 2.34 mg/mL. 

See Butylenes Cimorohitcrins Ethylene oxide Olefins Propylene oxide Styrenes. 

N-Unsubstituted pyrazoles and imidazoles add to unsaturated compounds in Michael reactions, for example acetylenecarboxylic esters and acrylonitrile readily form the expected addition products. Styrene oxide gives rise, for example, to 1-styrylimidazoles (76JCS(P1)545). Benzimidazole reacts with formaldehyde and secondary amines in the Mannich reaction to give 1-aminomethyl products. 

Styrene oxide [96-09-3] M 120.2, b 84-86 /16.5mm, d 1.053, n 1.535. Fractional distn at reduced pressure does not remove phenylacetaldehyde. If this material is present, the styrene oxide is treated with hydrogen under 3 atmospheres pressure in the presence of platinum oxide. The aldehyde, but not the oxide, is reduced to 6-phenylethanol) and separation is now readily achieved by fractional distn. [Schenck and Kaizermen J Am Chem Soc 75 1636 1953.]... 

Styrene oxide Sulphate Sulphite Sulprofos Sulphur dioxide Sulphur hexafluoride Sulphuric acid Sulphuryl fluoride Systox... 

Poly(ethylene terephtlhalate) Phenol-formaldehyde Polyimide Polyisobutylene Poly(methyl methacrylate), acrylic Poly-4-methylpentene-1 Polyoxymethylene polyformaldehyde, acetal Polypropylene Polyphenylene ether Polyphenylene oxide Poly(phenylene sulphide) Poly(phenylene sulphone) Polystyrene Polysulfone Polytetrafluoroethylene Polyurethane Poly(vinyl acetate) Poly(vinyl alcohol) Poly(vinyl butyral) Poly(vinyl chloride) Poly(vinylidene chloride) Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Poly(vinyl formal) Polyvinylcarbazole Styrene Acrylonitrile Styrene butadiene rubber Styrene-butadiene-styrene Urea-formaldehyde Unsaturated polyester... 

Adduct 100 is formed from the 1,4 cycloaddition of o-quinone (99) with the morpholine enamine of cyclohexanone (125). Treatment of styrene oxide with cyclic enamines at elevated temperatures (about 230°C) produces O.N-ketals possessing a furan nucleus (125a). 

Condensation of normeperidine (81) with 3-chloropropan-l-ol affords the compound possessing the alcohol side chain (88). The hydroxyl is then converted to chlorine by means of thionyl chloride (89) displacement of the halogen by aniline yields pimino-dine (90). ° Condensation of the secondary amine, 81, with styrene oxide affords the alcohol, 91 removal of the benzyllic hydroxyl group by hydrogenolysis leads to pheneridlne (92). ... 

Trepipam (69) is a sedative agent apparendy acting via dopaminergic mechanisms. It can be synthesized by attack on the less hindered terminus of styrene oxide (66) by 4,5-dimethoxyphe-nethylamine (65) to give 67. Cyclodehydration catalyzed by strong acid then leads to 68 and N-... 

Hydrogenation of styrene oxide over palladium in methanol 66 gives exclusively 2-phenylethanol, but in buffered alkaline methanol the product is l-phenylelhanol. If alcoholysis of the epoxide by the product is troublesome, the problem can be eliminated by portion-wise addition of the epoxide to the reaction, so as always to maintain a high catalyst-to-substrate ratio. The technique is general for reactions in which the product can attack the starting material in competition with the hydrogenation. 

A mixture containing 186 g (0.20 mol) of 2-aminopyridine, 0.55 g of lithium amide and 75 cc of anhydrous toluene was refluxed for 1.5 hours. Styrene oxide (12.0 g = 0.10 mol) was then added to the reaction mixture with stirring over a period of ten minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred and refluxed for an additional 3.5 hours. A crystalline precipitate was formed during the reaction which was removed by filtration, MP 170°C to 171°C, 1.5 g. The filtrate was concentrated to dryness and a dark residue remained which was crystallized from anhydrous ether yield 6.0 g. Upon recrystallization of the crude solid from 30 cc of isopropyl alcohol, 2.0 g of a light yellow solid was isolated MP 170°C to 171°C. 

In an attempt to prepare sulfonium-ylide polymer, Tani-moto and coworkers [57,58] carried out the reaction of a sulfonium salt polymer with benzaldehyde in the presence of a base and obtained styrene oxide. The reaction was considered to process via a ylide polymer formation (Scheme 24), which may be unstable and has not been isolated. 

If the styrene oxide is distilled over a free flame some... 

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