Styphnate, lead, monohydrate

Lead styphnate monohydrate is precipitated as the basic salt from a mixture of solutions of magnesium styphnate and lead acetate followed by conversion to the normal form by acidification using dilute nitric acid (97—99). 

Styphnic acid is a nitrogen compound. Lead styphnate monohydrate was found to detonate at 229°C (444°F), but the course of decomposition could be followed at 228°C and below. 

Lead trinitroresorcinate monohydrate (Lead styphnate monohydrate) C6H(N02)302Pb.H20 -22.00... 

TP 11A-1-34 (1967), pp 7,-10 to 7-12 (Lead Styphnate) p 7-19 (Electric Primer and Squib Primary Compositions Containing LSt) 25) G.W.C. Taylor et al, BritP 1094981 (1967) 8c CA 68, 5921(1968) (Ba Styphnate prepd from Mg.Styphnate soln, Ba acetate soln at 75° with HNO3 added after 20mins. The Monohydrate crysts had a bulk d of 1.49 g/cc) 26) Y. Ishiwata, JlndExplsSoc (Japan) 30, No 2, 18(1969) (Describes two methods of prepg Normal LSt)... 

The two normal lead styphnate structures are polymorphic monohydrates whose structures have been published by Pierce-Butler (1982, 1984). 

The approximately constant rate of dehydration of lead styphnate monohydrate [155] is (like that of the barium salt above) attributed to the advance of the reaction zone into the sub-grain boundaries and crystallite penetration by formation of product in a single crystallographic direction. The value of for dehydration of the samples as prepared (91 kJ mol ) was appreciably greater than that of irradiated salt... 

Tompkins and Young [139] concluded that the reaction of lead styphnate monohydrate (468 to 502 K) was comparable with that of barium styphnate monohydrate. The or-time curves for both salts were not identical, but again there was nucleation at grain boundaries, followed by the advance of a non-coherent reaction interface into the reactant crystallites. The activation energy (138 kJ mol" ) is slightly less than that for the barium salt, but was ascribed to the same primary process, activation of a surface styphnate ion. 

A total neutron exposure of 2.2 X lO n/cm enhanced the decomposition of lead styphnate monohydrate by a factor of three [55] (Figure 10), the rate increasing monotonically with the amount of exposure. A sample decomposed 8 days after irradiation produced a decomposition curve almost identical with one stored 46 days after irradiation. 

Figui-e 10. The thermal decomposition curves of reactor-irradiated lead styphnate monohydrate (222.5°C) [55]. 

Lead styphnate and mercuiy fulminate can be initiated by light but show two requirements for propagation. They either bum with a velocity of a few meters per second or detonate. The minimum critical ignition energy for lead styphnate monohydrate crystals covered with a quartz plate is 29 J [32]. If a water filter was used, the value was 31 J, showing that infrared radiation plays little part in the initiation, the temperature rise being produced by absorption of the blue or ultraviolet light emitted by the flash. 

Normal lead styphnate forms a monohydrate with crystal density from 3.06 to... 

Flanagan, T.B. Effect of nuclear irradiation upon the decomposition of lead styphnate monohydrate. Nature 181, 42-43 (1958)... 

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