Study Organism and Conditions

Juvenile pink snapper (Pagrus auratus), sexually immature, were collected from a local hatchery, Fremantle TAFE Centre, Western Australia. After being acclimated in 1001 seawater tanks, the experimental groups were exposed to the weathering muds 

Physicochemical parameters of the water (salinity, pH, and temperature) from all treatment tanks, and also heavy metal concentrations, were measured on a daily basis. 

Exposure groups N Total weight (g) Total length (cm) Condition factor (CF) Liver somatic index (LSI) 

Fish exposed to the reformulated Syndrill 80 20 (Mod) did not exhibit biliary metabolite fluorescence at the naphthalene wavelength relative to the negative control group (p = 0.302), whereas the fish exposed to the original Syndrill 80 20 

To investigate further the chemical characteristics of potential alternative emulsifiers, the water-soluble fractions (WSFs) of each emulsifier were measured [61]. The samples were analyzed for total recovered hydrocarbons (TRH) in the C10-C36 region and PAHs [3, 62]. The chemical analysis of the emulsifier WSFs did not detect PAHs. Consequently, in the future, use of low-fluorescence emulsifiers in the reformulated Syndrill 80 20 (Mod) will allow the measurement of biliary fluorescence as a biomarker of exposure in field-caught fish attracted to cutting piles, with any detected fluorescence eliminating the drilling mud Syndrill 80 20 (Mod) as a source of fluorescent metabolites in the biliary secretions. 

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