Studding outlet

STIFFENER PIPE THROUGH STUDDING OUTLETS— BLIND AFTER ERECTION... 

Integrally reinforced Built-up construction Pad type (studding outlet) Sight gl asses Elliptical manways... 

The calculations for a studding outlet will vary from standard flange calculations because these flanges are not hubbed or hubless. However many of the loads and moments calculated in a standard flange still apply. The bolt load calculations and gasket calculations are identical. 

Another difference is that in a hubbed flange, the hydrostatic end force, Hp would be applied at the centroid of file hub. Since studding outlets are hubless, the load is transferred to flie ID of the flange, just as in a spherically... 

For a studding outlet in a sphere or the spherical portion of a head, the loading would be the same in either axis. Therefore the procedure would be identical except that the pressure loading, T2 would be reduced to. 5 PR. 

Figure 8-14. Bridgman type closures (A) Threaded plug type (B) Floating head type for large diameter heads (C) Modified type using rings to prevent extrusion of the gasket (D) Studded outlet with floating head.

Duvet covers, sheets, and pillow covers can have a range of fabric compositions. Most are either cotton or, more commonly, cotton-polyester mixtures of different percentages. Table 7.12 illustrates some currently available in the U.K. through major outlets. Though they can be of fancy weaves (e.g., damask), most are plain weave. Fitted sheets will contain elastic at the corners, whereas duvet covers usually have plastic button or press stud fasteners. 

Inside diameter of outlet nozzle Number of closure studs... 

If you don t have a stud finder, look for existing screw or nail holes or for slightly raised nail heads covered in paint. Or look for electrical outlets, which are frequently attached to the studs. Tap with your knuckle as you move across the wall, listening for a solid rather than hollow sound, or push on the wall to check for give. Once you re moderately confident in your clues—from a stud finder or from exploration—probe with a thin drill bit to see if your hunch leads... 

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