Structures organic group abbreviations

You may use common abbreviations for organic groups in formulas and structures, but not in text. These (and only these) abbreviations need not be defined. 

A System of Notation. Before the discussion proceeds further, and more complex structures are considered, a system of notation7 will be outlined. The number of carbon atoms that are attached to a metal atom is specified by a prefix such as trihapto-, tetrahapto-, pentahapto-, etc. These prefixes can be abbreviated as h3-, h -, h5-, etc. If necessary, the bound carbon atoms may be specified by numbers, using a conventional naming and numbering scheme for the organic group. The annexed illustrations should make clear the use of the notation. 

R group (Section 3.3) A generalized abbreviation for an organic partial structure. 

All 20 of the common amino acids are a-amino acids. They have a carboxyl group and an amino group bonded to the same carbon atom (the a carbon) (Fig. 3-2). They differ from each other in their side chains, or R groups, which vary in structure, size, and electric charge, and which influence the solubility of the amino acids in water. In addition to these 20 amino acids there are many less common ones. Some are residues modified after a protein has been synthesized others are amino acids present in living organisms but not as constituents of proteins. The common amino acids of proteins have been assigned three-letter abbreviations and one-letter... 

X group X is often used as the abbreviation for a halogen substituent in the structural formula of an organic molecule. 

In this chapter we deal with nucleophilic substitution reactions at the saturated, that is, the sp3-hybridized C atom (abbreviated SN reactions ). In these reactions, alkyl groups are transferred to the nucleophiles. Organic electrophiles of this type are referred to as alkylating agents. They have the structure (R3 H ) Csp>—X. The group X is displaced by the nucleophile according to the equation... 

Trivial names also extend to fragments of structures containing functional groups. Acetone, acetaldehyde, and acetic acid all contain the acetyl group (MeCO-, ethanoyl) abbreviated Ac and chemists often use this organic element in writing Ac OH for acetic acid or EtOAc for ethyl acetate. 

Simple way to represent structures of complicated organic molecules Shows in an abbreviated form how the atoms are grouped together... 

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