Structure maitotoxin

Complete structure of maitotoxin molecule, which includes 32 6-8-member 0-heterocycles as parts of fused systems linked by C—C bonds and 2-4-member carbon chains 98PAC339. 

Complete structure of maitotoxin, polycyclic saturated 0-heterocycle 97YGK535. 

Kishi, Yoshito. "Complete Structure of Maitotoxin." Pure Applied Chemistry 70 (1998) 339-44. 

Murata M, Naoki H, Iwashita T, Matsunaga S, Sasaki M, Yokohama A, Yasumoto T (1993) Structure of maitotoxin. J Am Chem Soc 115 2060-2062 Nakamura H, AsariT, Murai A, Kan Y, Kondo T, Yoshida K, Ohizumi Y (1995)Zooxanthellatoxin-A, a potent vasoconstrictive 62-membered lactone from a symbiotic dinoflagellate. J Am Chem Soc 117 550-551... 

Palytoxin is a complex marine natural product containing 71 stereochemical elements (Fig. 5). The structure of PTX was elucidated by Moore. PTX is isolated from a zoanthid (order Zoanthidea) a type of soft coral commonly found in coral reefs all around the world. These animals come in a variety of different colonizing formations and in numerous colors. They can be found as individual polyps, attached by a fleshy stolon or a mat that can be created from pieces of sediment, sand and rock (soft coral). PTX is considered to be one of the most toxic nonpeptide substances known, second only to Maitotoxin. Typical symptoms of palytoxin poisoning are angina-like chest pains, asthma-like breathing difficulties, tachycardia, unstable blood pressure, hemolysis (destruction of red blood... 

Murata M, Naoki H, IwashitaT, Matsunga S, Sasaki M, Yokoyama A, Yasumoto T, Structure of maitotoxin,Chem Soc 115 2060—2062, 1993. 

Satake M, Ishida S, Yasumoto T, MurataM, Utsumi H, Hinomoto T, Structural confirmation of maitotoxin based on complete NMR assignments and the three-dimensional PFG NOESVHMQC spectrum,Chem Soc 117 7019— 7020, 1995. 

Murata, M. Yasumoto, T. (2000) The structure elucidation and biological activities of high molecular weight algal toxins maitotoxin, prymnesins and zooxanthellatoxins. Nat. Prod. Rep., 17, 293-314. 

Gallimore, A. R. Spencer, J. B. Stereochemical uniformity in marine polyether ladders - implications for the biosynthesis and structure of maitotoxin, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 4406-4413. 

Murata, M., and Yasumoto, T. 1995. Structure of maitotoxin, the most toxic and largest natural non-biopolymer. Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry Japan 53, 207-217. 

Figure 4.2. Structure of maitotoxin and space-fiiiing modei showing hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions. Hydrophobic region is drawn buried in the iipid biiayer and hydrophilic part folded like a hairpin. Reproduced with permission from Obara 1999, American Chemicai Society.

Figure 4 (a) Maitotoxin. (b) Common structure feature of marine polyether ring junctions (3). (c) Brevetoxin A biosynthesis as proposed by 1)... 

Maitotoxin (MTX), whose structure was first reported in 1993 by Murata et al. [21], has a molecular weight of 3422 Da. It is the largest nonbiopolymeric and most lethal nonpeptide natural product ... 

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