Structure formation topographic patterns

A possibility for the formation of more complex patterns is the use of prepatterned substrates as presented by several authors by either masking the surface partially to avoid the formation of a hard layer in the masked regions [19] or topographical prepatterning, where a relief structure is modified in order to wrinkle [15-17, 34], Periodic porous structures have been reported to undergo pattern transformation due to buckling instabilities when external forces are applied. This results in more complex hierarchical structures [35-37],... 

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