Structure determination copper

Tidsweii i M, Lucas C A, Markovic N M and Ross P N 1995 Surface structure determination using anomaious x-ray scattering Underpotentiai deposition of copper on Pt(111) Phys. Rev. B 51 10 205-8... 

Tainer, J.A., et al. Determination and analysis of the 2 A structure of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase. 

For crystallographic data, see Table I. The compounds of the type CuTeX and CuTe X (X = Cl, Br, or I), respectively, are isotypic, and their crystal structures have been determined. Copper has the oxida-... 

Rate and equilibrium constant data, including substituent and isotope effects, for the reaction of [Pt(bpy)2]2+ with hydroxide, are all consistent with, and interpreted in terms of, reversible addition of the hydroxide to the coordinated 2,2 -bipyridyl (397). Equilibrium constants for addition of hydroxide to a series of platinum(II)-diimine cations [Pt(diimine)2]2+, the diimines being 2,2 -bipyridyl, 2,2 -bipyrazine, 3,3 -bipyridazine, and 2,2 -bipyrimidine, suggest that hydroxide adds at the 6 position of the coordinated ligand (398). Support for this covalent hydration mechanism for hydroxide attack at coordinated diimines comes from crystal structure determinations of binuclear mixed valence copper(I)/copper(II) complexes of 2-hydroxylated 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2 -bipyridyl (399). 

Since isolable organocopper) 11) compounds do not apparently exist, it is rather surprising that oxidation of the cuprate CdI+[(CF3)2Cu ] (prepared in situ) with thiuram disulfide affords (CF3)2Cu "S2CNEt2 (see Eqn. 1 in Scheme 1.6), the first and so far only example of an organocopper compound with the copper atom in the trivalent oxidation state. The structure of this compound was unambiguously proven by an X-ray crystal structure determination (see Fig. 1.2) [37]. 

More recently, several arylcopper compound syntheses that make use of a soluble form of a copper halide precursor, CuBr-DMS (DMS = dimethylsulfide) in DMS as the solvent have been reported. Some of these compounds, such as [Cu4(QH5)4(DMS)2] [61] and [Cu4(C6H4Me-2)4(DMS)2] [62], appeared to be DMS adducts and were fully characterized by X-ray crystal structure determination (see Fig. 1.7). It is interesting to note that these structures contain two- and three-coordinate copper atoms in trans positions. These structures may be envisaged as ion-pairs comprising Cu(Aryl)2 anions bound to Cu(DMS) cations through the Cipso atoms. 

NMR investigations [129, 132, 133], EXAFS and XANES studies [134-136], and theoretical calculations [127, 137, 138] performed on higher-order cyanocuprates strongly suggested that the cyanide anion was not bound to copper in these R2Cu(CN)Li2 species. Additional evidence was provided by the first X-ray crystal structure determinations of higher-order cyanocuprates ](C(5H4CH2NMe2-2)2 Cu(CN)Li2] [139] (Fig. 1.34) and [(tBu)2Cu(CN)Li2] [130] (Fig. 1.35). 

The structural determination of aristolochic acid I (1) was first accomplished by Pailer et al. Aristolochic acid I(Ci7Hn07N) is easily soluble in alkali as well as sodium bicarbonate. It was esterified with diazomethane in dioxane to give a methyl ester (C,gHi307N), and the methyl ester was readily saponified to recover aristolochic acid I. Zinc distillation of 1 gave a phenanthrene (Scheme 6). Aristolochic acid I was decarboxylated with copper powder in quinoline to yield a nitro phenanthrene derivative (OjgHjjOjN.Sl). 

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