Structural information, biological polymers

What structural features allow biological polymers to be informational macromolecnles Is it possible for polysaccharides to be informational macromolecnles ... 

If we are merely interested in overall stoichiometries and comparison with microanalytical data for the bulk then as we have noted in the case of biological polymers all that is required is the measurement of area ratios for the various core levels, (once appropriate reference standards have been established). If however, we wish to obtain information on structure and bonding then the first line of informa-... 

Applicability Domain Criteria. The applicability domain of a (Q)SAR is the physico-chemical, structural, or biological space, knowledge or information on which the training set of the model has been developed, and for which it is applicable to make predictions for new compounds. Ideally, QSARs should only be used to make predictions within the applicability domain of the training set (i.e., interpolation versus extrapolation). Many chemicals and chemical classes do not conform to current QSAR models, as they extend beyond the domain inherent in the training data sets. These include polymers, reaction products, mixtures and inorganics. 

Fluorine-19 is spin 1/2, 100% abundant, and has a sensitivity relative to the proton of 0.83. It is a very easy nucleus to observe, and even prior to 1970 a great deal of information was obtained. NMR has found widespread application in chemistry and biology for example, the high-resolution F NMR study of polymers in solution furnishes relevant chemical information concerning polymer structures furthermore, fluorine NMR can be useful for studying the binding of fluorinated molecules and macromolecules and membranes. 

Many complex systems have been spread on liquid interfaces for a variety of reasons. We begin this chapter with a discussion of the behavior of synthetic polymers at the liquid-air interface. Most of these systems are linear macromolecules however, rigid-rod polymers and more complex structures are of interest for potential optoelectronic applications. Biological macromolecules are spread at the liquid-vapor interface to fabricate sensors and other biomedical devices. In addition, the study of proteins at the air-water interface yields important information on enzymatic recognition, and membrane protein behavior. We touch on other biological systems, namely, phospholipids and cholesterol monolayers. These systems are so widely and routinely studied these days that they were also mentioned in some detail in Chapter IV. The closely related matter of bilayers and vesicles is also briefly addressed. 

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